Modelling of impulse activity of afferent fibers of antagonist muscles during transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord during walking

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Abstract

The article describes the results of studies on the impulse activity of various groups of afferent fibers and EMG patterns of lower leg antagonist muscles when walking without, during and after transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the dorsal roots of the lower thoracic spinal cord of a person. Using a mathematical model based on the prediction of the triggering of muscle spindles, variability in the manifestation of impulse activity of various afferents tibialis anterior muscle (TA) and gastrocnemius medialis muscle (GM) when walking under different experimental conditions is shown. It was found that walking on a movable treadmill tape in the absence of spinal cord stimulation was accompanied by strong impulse activity of afferents I (Ia and Ib) and II groups GM, increased excitability of its motorneuron pool and weakening of afferent activity and excitability of TA. On the contrary, electrical stimulation of the spinal cord during walking caused strong impulsive activity of group II TA afferents and moderate — GM, while the activity of Ia fibers TA and GM decreased to moderate impulsivity, Ib afferents of the same muscles had the weakest activity, and the excitability of the GM motorneuron pool was greater than TA. During the postactivation period, walking was accompanied by increased impulses of afferent fibers of group Ib and II GM, weakening of afferent flows of Ib TA and Ia afferents GM, but along with this, afferent signals of group Ia and II to the motorneuron nucleus TA decreased to moderate impulses, and excitability of the motorneuron pool GM was higher than TA. The supposed reflex mechanisms of locomotion regulation are discussed on the basis of well-known phenomena associated with the interaction of various afferent inputs to the spinal cord neuronal apparatus in the system of lower leg antagonist muscles.

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D. A. Gladchenko

Velikie Luki State Academy of Physical Education and Sports

Author for correspondence.
Email: gladchenko84@outlook.com
Russian Federation, Velikie Luki

I. V. Alekseeva

Velikie Luki State Academy of Physical Education and Sports

Email: gladchenko84@outlook.com
Russian Federation, Velikie Luki

A. A. Chelnokov

Velikie Luki State Academy of Physical Education and Sports

Email: gladchenko84@outlook.com
Russian Federation, Velikie Luki

M. G. Barkanov

Velikie Luki State Academy of Physical Education and Sports

Email: gladchenko84@outlook.com
Russian Federation, Velikie Luki

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2. Fig. 1. Sample recording of EMG activity of antagonist muscles of the lower leg. A — area for recording muscle biopotentials without transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (TESCS); B — area for recording muscle biopotentials during tESCS; B — area for recording biopotentials after TECS; G — mark CHESSM.

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3. Fig. 2. Example of EMG processing m. gastrocnemius med. using the interactive software package MatLab 2018b. A - EMG recording area m. gastrocnemius med. without transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (TSESM); B — EMG recording area m. gastrocnemius med. during TESCSM; B — EMG recording area m. gastrocnemius med. after TESSM; D — enlarged EMG packet of the muscle.

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4. Fig. 3. Changes in the impulse activity of afferents Ia, Ib and II of groups GM and TA during walking. A - walking without stimulation; B — walking during stimulation; B - walking after stimulation. (pa), (pb) – significantly significant differences in indicators obtained during and after transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (TESCS) compared with indicators without stimulation; (pс) – reliably significant differences between indicators during and after TESCM; * – One-way Anova with post-hoc Newman-Keuls analysis; # – Mann-Whitney U Test.

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5. Fig. 4. Model of impulse activity of various afferent fibers during walking without stimulation of the spinal cord, during and after its influence.

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