Reaction time indicators for assessing cognitive functions

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Abstract

Cognitive abilities in neurodegenerative diseases begin to alter much earlier than the main clinical pathomorphological core of the disease develops, while patients for many years do not demonstrate pronounced clinical manifestations amid active functioning compensatory mechanisms. Subsequently, the leading symptom complex formed against the background of decompensation becomes practically insensitive to modern drug treatment. In this regard, the search for early manifestations of cognitive and neurological changes that could serve as reliable markers of the development of the neurodegenerative process, is a relevant task of diagnosing these diseases. Currently, in practical work, psychiatrists and neurologists mostly use blank cognitive tests for screening diagnostics of cognitive disorders based on questionnaires with scaled results, sensitivity of which is high for the stages of advanced disease, but is not enough for the stages of prodrome cognitive impairment. Therefore, the creation of a tool for objective screening of early stages of cognitive impairments, combining efficiency and ease of use, is an important and modern direction of neuroscience. Suggested review aims to analyze and summarize available data on the change in reaction speed at the onset of neurological diseases. The need for modernization of neuropsychological diagnostics with the help of possible integration of sensorimotor tests with computer technology is revealed. It should improve the reliability and accessibility of the screening assessment. It is shown that, apart from simple reaction (SRT), such reaction indicators as reaction time variability (RTV), choice reaction time (RTT) and the dynamic of reaction time are the objective and independent markers of efficiency of information processing by the nervous system.

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About the authors

L. M. Khanukhova

La Salute Medical Clinic

Author for correspondence.
Email: l_khanukhova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

S. A. Gulyaev

La Salute Medical Clinic; MEPhI National Research Nuclear University

Email: l_khanukhova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

D. M. Khanukhov

La Salute Medical Clinic

Email: l_khanukhova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».