Comparative Study of the Temperature Coefficient Q10 of Hibernating Ground Squirrels Urocitellus undulatus and Cooled Rats of Different Ages

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Abstract

The temperature coefficients Q10 of heart rate (Q10HR) or oxygen consumption (Q10Ox) were analyzed during the arises from torpor of long-tailed ground squirrels Urocitellus undulatus, as well as during the rewarming of precooled adult rats and rat pups. The Q10Ox value was calculated using a standard equation, whereas for calculating Q10HR, the equation was empirically modified to track changes in this parameter over a wide range of body temperatures (Tb). It was found that during the initial period of rewarming from torpor, at Th ≤ 10 ℃, ground squirrels experienced a sharp increase in the temperature coefficients up to Q10HR = 40 – 50 and Q10Ox = 6 – 7. Even higher values of Q10HR > 100 were found at the beginning of rewarming of rat pups, although they had a low level of Q10Ox = 1.2. Adult rats could not withstand cooling below 16 ℃ and demonstrated moderate variability of both Q10HR = 2.0 – 4.0 and Q10Ox = 2.0 – 2.2. During the restoration of normal Tb, the Q10HR in all animals approached the level ~2.0 predicted by the Van't Hoff-Arrhenius rule for chemical reactions in both living and inanimate nature. We assume that high values of Q10HR and Q10Ox, detected in the early period of ground squirrel’s arousal from hibernation, may reveal the functioning of adaptive processes aimed at accelerating body warming. Resistance to cooling and high Q10HR coefficient in the rat pups may indicate rudimentary adaptability to hibernation in the juvenile period of rats, as representatives of the order Rodentia, which also includes natural hibernators such as ground squirrels.

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N. M. Zakharova

Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: n_m_zakharova@pbcras.ru
Russian Federation, Pushchino

Yu. S. Tarahovsky

Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tarahov@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Pushchino; Pushchino

M. O. Khrenov

Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: n_m_zakharova@pbcras.ru
Russian Federation, Pushchino

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2. Fig. 1. Selected examples of experiments showing the relationship of Q10 coefficients with changes in temperature and physiological parameters obtained during gopher awakening. (a) - Change in time of Th and HR parameters obtained in the experiment, as well as Q10HR values calculated using (3). Note: the Q10HR curve is shorter than the Th and HR curves because, according to (3), the Q10HR curve does not include the first and last 15 minutes of measurements. (b) - Time variation of Tb and VOx parameters obtained in the experiment and Q10Ox values calculated using (2)

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3. Fig. 2. Dependence of Q10 coefficients on temperature. Dependence of Q10HR on Th , as well as dependence of Q10Ox on Tb is presented Where: (a, a‘) - sleeping gophers, (b, b’) - adult rats, (c, c') - rats. Values are presented as Mean ± SEM, n = 5-10. Note: curves a, b and c are obtained using (3), whereas curves a‘, b’ and c' are obtained using (2). One-factor ANOVA test (GraphPad Prism 8 software) shows that mean Q10Ox data of gopher tortoises (a') were temperature dependent: **** P < 0.0001. Temperature dependence was also observed when analysing the selected temperature range 20℃ - 35℃, when values were in the range 0 ≤ Q10Ox ≤ 1, *** p < 0.0005. In adult rats and rats (b‘ and c’), Q10Ox values were not statistically dependent on temperature: p < 0.05

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