Verification of T Invariance in the Total Interaction Cross Section of Neutrons with Unpolarized Nuclei Using the Polarization–Asymmetry Theorem

To date, the violation of T invariance (TI) has been experimentally established for the decays [J. H. Christenson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 138 (1964)] and oscillations [A. Angelopoulos et al., Phys. Lett. B 444, 43 (1998)] of neutral kaons. Phenomenologically, TI violation in the system of neutral kaons is associated with the difference of the Kobayashi–Maskawa phase from zero (or from π) in the standard model of the electroweak interaction. For nucleon–nucleus interactions, this phase turns out to be very small [P. Herszeg, in Symmetries and Fundamental Interactions in Nuclei, World Scientific, Singapore (1995), p. 89)]. Estimates of the nucleon–nucleon matrix element corresponding to TI violation in various models are given in [V. Gudkov, in Fundamental Physics with Pulsed Neutron Beams, World Scientific, Singapore (2001), p. 117]. All these estimates are small and have a large spread. Therefore, the verification of TI in nuclear processes actually means a search for other mechanisms for its violation. Below is a description of the experimental methods for TI verification in the total interaction cross sections of low-energy resonance neutrons with unpolarized nuclei with the use of the polarization–asymmetry (PA) theorem.