Identification and adulteration of Salmoninae caviar by PCR, IR spectroscopy and digital colourimetry

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Abstract

The possibility to identify and establish adulteration of salmon fish eggs in a simple and accessible way using PCR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, digital colourometry and chemometric processing of analysis results has been shown. The PCR method was used to determine the species affiliation of Salmoninae caviar. Absence of Salmoninae DNA in the samples of caviar, as well as the presence of DNA of other fish, indicated the adulteration of caviar products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the near and middle regions allowed to distinguish between natural and imitated caviar after processing of diffuse reflectance spectra by principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis methods. The above methods were combined with a simpler and cheaper colourometric method of analysis. Handmade devices with LEDs emitting light in the UV and IR ranges were used. The analytical signal was recorded using smartphones via specialised applications. Chemometric processing of the spectral characteristics of the samples made it possible to distinguish natural caviar from imitated and structured caviar: in the principal component method and hierarchical cluster analysis, points from the analyzed samples were located in different quadrants and clusters.

About the authors

V. G. Amelin

The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality; Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs

Email: amelinvg@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia; Vladimir, Russia

O. E. Emelyanov

Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs

Email: amelinvg@mail.ru
Vladimir, Russia

A. V. Tretyakov

The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality

Email: amelinvg@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia

M. A. Gergel

The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality

Email: amelinvg@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia

E. V. Zaitseva

The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality

Author for correspondence.
Email: amelinvg@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia

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