Метаболизм триптофана: новый взгляд на роль триптофановых производных в организме человека

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В современной научной литературе пристальное внимание уделяется биологической роли катаболитов триптофана как в норме, так и при различных патологиях. Все больше появляется сообщений, что катаболиты триптофанового обмена играют сигнальную роль в организме человека и в микробном сообществе кишечника. Активно изучаются рецепторы и сигнальные пути в организме человека так называемых триптофановых сигнальных молекул (ТриСМ), их клеточные мишени, физиологические и метаболические эффекты. В настоящее время установлено, что практически все катаболиты триптофанового обмена являются сигнальными молекулами. Многие из них реализуют свою сигнальную роль через арил-углеводородные рецепторы (АhR). Доминантный путь обмена триптофана для организма человека – это кинурениновый путь, который является источником универсальных сигнальных молекул – кинуренина, хинолиновой и кинуреновой кислот. Индольный путь катаболизма триптофана, главный для микробиоты, за исключением реакций образования индолов в иммунокомпетентных клетках, является источником межцарственных и межвидовых сигнальных молекул – индола и его производных: индол-3-пирувата, индол-3-лактата, индол-3-ацетата, индол-3-пропионата, индол-3-акрилата, индол-3-бутирата и индол-3-ацетальдегида. Серотонин и мелатонин являются также универсальными сигнальными молекулами и широко изучены при различных заболеваниях нервной системы.

Об авторах

О. П. Шатова

Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский
университет им. Н.И. Пирогова

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: shatova.op@gmail.com
Россия, Москва

А. В. Шестопалов

Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский
университет им. Н.И. Пирогова; НМИЦ Детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии
им. Дмитрия Рогачева Минздрава России

Email: shatova.op@gmail.com
Россия, Москва; Россия, Москва

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