Comparative Studies of Complex Products Based on Heparins of Animal and Plant Origin

Complex preparations based on heparins of animal and vegetable origin with the inclusion of glutamic acid in a weight ratio of 1 : 4 were obtained. High molecular weight (HMН) and low molecular weight (LMWH) commercial preparations of heparins were used as heparins of animal origin, heparinoid was used as heparin of plant origin, isolated from the roots of the peony Akademik Sadovnichy (heparinoid). Their influence on the state of plasma hemostasis under in vitro conditions was studied in a comparative aspect. It has been established that all complex compounds have anticoagulant activity, which, according to the results of our studies, is realized by a different mechanism of their action on blood coagulation – on the internal, external, or general pathways of blood coagulation. HMН complexes with glutamic acid had an antithrombin effect, affecting the internal and general coagulation pathways, while LMWH complexes with glutamic acid, exerting anti-Xa activity, affected the internal pathway of coagulation activation, and the combination of heparinoid with glutamic acid inhibited factors not only internal, but also external ways of blood coagulation. In addition, the latter compound exhibited weak antithrombin activity. It was also shown that all heparin complexes prevented fibrin polymerization, increasing the fibrin depolymerization activity of plasma, and in the heparinoid compound, this activity was higher by 10–17% compared to other commercial agents. Thus, the best anticoagulant in terms of efficacy and safety is the heparinoid complex with glutamic acid.