The effect of hematite parameters on the regularities of reaction between 4-nitrochlorobenzene and substituted phenols in the presence of potassium carbonate

Abstract

The formation of diphenyl ethers in the reaction between nitrochlorobenzene and phenoxide anions taking into account iron(III) oxide additives that were prepared by different methods and, consequently, have different substructures has been studied. The effect of hematite past history and its surface texture on the reaction rate has been considered. Based on the data obtained, we assumed that the effect of additives on the process under study consists in migration of potassium ions to the surface and bulk of hematite to form vacancies in the lattice of potassium carbonate, which are quite labile structural elements that possess strongly basic properties. Under the process conditions, these vacancies are the centers of the reaction with phenols.