History of the discovery and study of tick-borne encephalitis in Russia: three Far Eastern expeditions (1937–1939)

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Abstract

The review provides a brief historical outline of the discovery and study of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) during three expeditions to the Far East (1937–1939). As a result of the Far Eastern expeditions, the TBE virus was discovered, numerous strains were isolated, a vector-borne transmission pathway was established, the main features of epidemiology, clinic and pathomorphology of the disease were described, serotherapy was tested, first inactivated "brain" vaccine against TBE was developed and its effectiveness was proved. The history of the discovery and study of TBE is marked by the heroism of researchers and tragic events – illness of some participants, death during the development of the first vaccine, arrest of L.A. Zilber and two performers.

About the authors

Nadezhda M. Kolyasnikova

Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: kolyasnikova_nm@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9934-2582

канд. мед. наук, зав. лаб. клещевого энцефалита и других вирусных энцефалитов ФГАНУ «ФНЦИРИП им. М.П. Чумакова», науч. сотр. лаб. эпидемиологии природно-очаговых инфекций ФБУН «ЦНИИ эпидемиологии»

 

Russian Federation, Moscow

Vladimir I. Zlobin

Irkutsk State Medical University

Email: kolyasnikova_nm@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0164-5113

акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии ФГБОУ ВО ИГМУ

Russian Federation, Irkutsk

Aidar A. Ishmukhametov

Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products

Email: kolyasnikova_nm@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6130-4145

чл.-кор. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., ген. дир. ФГАНУ «ФНЦИРИП им. М.П. Чумакова»

Russian Federation, Moscow

Viktor V. Maleev

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: kolyasnikova_nm@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5748-178X

акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., советник дир. по научной работе ФБУН «ЦНИИ эпидемиологии»

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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2. Fig. 1. The head of the first Far Eastern expedition academician L.A. Zilber.

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3. Fig. 2. The first Far Eastern expedition (1937). Obor village. Northern squad. From left to right: A.N. Skrynnik, A.V. Gutsevich, Dr. Perminova, V.L. Olshevskaya, P.E. Grachev, E.N. Levkovich, A.N. Shapoval, G.N. Zorina-Nikolaeva, N.V. Ryzhov.

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4. Fig. 3. Participants of the second Far Eastern expedition (Obor, 1938). In the first row from left to right: N.Ya. Utkina, A.V. Gutsevich, Academician E.N. Pavlovsky, E.N. Levkovich, Mirra (vivarium worker); in the second row – M.P. Chervyakov, A.V. Kozlova, V.A. Korshunova, I.S. Glazunov, V.D. Soloviev, A.A. Smorodintsev, N.V. Ryzhov; in the third row – A.N. Shapoval, P.U. Marikovsky, P.E. Grachev, G.S. Pervomaysky.

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5. Fig. 4. Testing of an inactivated "brain" vaccine. E.N. Levkovich examines blood of G.N. Zorina-Nikolaeva (1939).

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