Modern problems of hyper- and hypoparathyroidism

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Abstract

The parathyroid glands are the most important regulators of mineral metabolism. The parathyroid glands were first discovered only in 1880 and their function went the long way unrecognized. Even the term "parathyroid gland" itself speaks of the initial misconception of it as an underdeveloped part of the thyroid. To date, there is a large amount of data regarding the role of this endocrine gland in the human body and the significant changes associated with their dysfunction, including such widespread diseases such primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism. This review covers the problem of the main disturbances in calcium-phosphorus metabolism, presents the results of databases of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, as well as current epidemiological trends in Russia and in the world.

About the authors

Natalia G. Mokrysheva

National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology

Email: elen.v.kovaleva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9717-9742

чл.-кор. РАН, проф. РАН, д-р мед. наук, дир.

Russian Federation, Moscow

Anna K. Eremkina

National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology

Email: elen.v.kovaleva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6667-062X

канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр., и.о. зав. отд-нием патологии околощитовидных желез

Russian Federation, Moscow

Elena V. Kovaleva

National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology

Author for correspondence.
Email: elen.v.kovaleva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9258-2591

науч. сотр. отд. эпидемиологии эндокринопатий, отд-ния патологии околощитовидных желез

Russian Federation, Moscow

Julia A. Krupinova

National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology

Email: elen.v.kovaleva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7963-5022

науч. сотр. отд-ния патологии околощитовидных желез

Russian Federation, Moscow

Olga K. Vikulova

National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology

Email: elen.v.kovaleva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0571-8882

канд. мед. наук, доц., зав. отд. эпидемиологии эндокринопатий

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Richard Owen (1804–1892).

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3. Fig. 2. The incidence of cardiovascular disorders in manifest or mild forms according to the All-Russian Register (%).

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4. Fig. 3. Prevalence of off-target indexes of calcemia and phosphatemia in patients with hypoparathyroidism according to the Registry data.

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