COVID-19 and features of cardiovascular involvement

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Abstract

The article provides an overview of current information on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and organ-specific lesions developing in this disease. The data on inflammation and its biochemical markers, on the features of coagulopathy, endothelial damage and microthrombosis are presented in detail. Particular attention is paid to the role of receptors for angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 and transmembrane serine protease type 2 in the development of organ-specific lesions in COVID-19. The pathogenesis of damage to the cardiovascular system is considered in detail with the presentation of data from foreign literature on changes in the myocardium and the author's results of transthoracic echocardiographic examination in patients who have undergone COVID-19.

About the authors

Elena V. Tsyganova

Moscow City Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS

Email: ndlena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3410-2510

канд. мед. наук, врач-инфекционист, зав. научно-клиническим отд. МГЦ СПИД

Russian Federation, Moscow

Nataliia V. Glukhoedova

Moscow City Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS

Email: ndlena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2414-6103

канд. мед. наук, врач-инфекционист научно-клинического отд. МГЦ СПИД

Russian Federation, Moscow

Aleksandra S. Zhilenkova

Moscow City Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS

Email: ndlena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8139-4061

врач-инфекционист научно-клинического отд. МГЦ СПИД

Russian Federation, Moscow

Tatiana I. Fedoseeva

Family Polyclinic №1

Email: ndlena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2888-3995

врач ультразвуковой диагностики ООО СП №1

Russian Federation, Sergiev Posad

Elena N. Iushchuk

Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Author for correspondence.
Email: ndlena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0065-5624

д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. клинической функциональной диагностики лечебного фак-та ФГБОУ ВО «МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова»

Russian Federation, Moscow

Natalia S. Smetneva

Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Medical University “Reaviz“

Email: ndlena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2131-387X

канд. мед. наук, ассистент каф. факультетской терапии и профболезней ФГБОУ ВО «МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова»; доц. каф. клинической медицины ЧУОО ВО «Медицинский университет “Реавиз”»

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. The structure of organ-specific lesions in COVID-19.

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3. Fig. 2. Distribution of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors in various human organ systems. The color intensity reflects the level of gene expression of these receptors (adapted [11]).

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4. Fig. 3. Pathophysiology and clinical progression of COVID-19 (adapted from [28]).

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5. Fig. 4. EchoCG, apical 4-chamber position, examples of inclusions in the thickness of the interventricular septum.

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6. Fig. 5. EchoCG, parasternal position, left ventricle long axis, examples of linear areas of fibrosis in the interventricular septum.

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7. Fig. 6. An example of inclusions in the interventricular septum in a 21-year-old patient who didn’t have COVID-19.

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8. Fig. 7. Comparison of EchoCG results in COVID-19 survivors and time from disease onset.

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