Functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the context with overlapping functional disorders: current status of the problem
- Authors: Osadchuk M.A.1, Svistunov A.A.1, Kireeva N.V.1, Osadchuk M.M.2
-
Affiliations:
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy
- State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow «City Polyclinic №52», of the Moscow City Healthcare Department
- Issue: Vol 92, No 2 (2020)
- Pages: 111-118
- Section: Original articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0040-3660/article/view/33921
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2020.02.000458
- ID: 33921
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract cause significant damage to the health care system. Their frequent combination in the same patient with the migration of clinical symptoms throughout the digestive tube is accompanied by continuous exacerbations, refractory to the therapy and severe psychosocial disorders. This review provides data on the main etiopathogenetic factors, clinical manifestations, course features and management tactics for patients with overlapping for the most common functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
M. A. Osadchuk
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy
Author for correspondence.
Email: policlinic_therapy@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0485-6802
д.м.н., проф., зав. каф. поликлинической терапии
Russian Federation, MoscowA. A. Svistunov
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy
Email: policlinic_therapy@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1592-5703
д.м.н., проф., член-корр. РАН, первый проректор
Russian Federation, MoscowN. V. Kireeva
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy
Email: policlinic_therapy@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3467-886X
к.м.н., доцент, доцент каф. поликлинической терапии
Russian Federation, MoscowM. M. Osadchuk
State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow «City Polyclinic №52», of the Moscow City Healthcare Department
Email: policlinic_therapy@mail.ru
к.м.н., зав. организационно-методическим отделом
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
- Drossman D, Hasler W. Rome IV– Functional GI Disorders: Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1257-61. doi: 10.1053/j.gast ro.2016.03.035
- Koloski N, Talley N, Boyce P. Epidemiology and health care seeking in the functional GI disorders: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(9):2290-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05783.x
- Vakil N, Stelwagon M, Shea E, Miller S. Symptom burden and consulting behavior in patients with overlapping functional disorders in the US population. Unit Eur Gastroenterol J. 2015;4(3):413-22. doi: 10.1177/2050640615600114
- Talley N, Zinsmeister A, Schleck C, Melton L. Dyspepsia and dyspepsia subgroups: A population-based study. Gastroenterology. 1992;102(4):1259-68. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(92)70021-3
- Haque M, Wyeth JW, Stace NH, Talley NJ, Green R. Prevalence, severity and associated features of gastro-oesophageal reflux and dyspepsia: a population-based study. N Z Med J. 2000;113:178-81.
- Olmos J, Pogorelsky V, Tobal F, et al. Uninvestigated Dyspepsia in Latin America: A Population-Based Study. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51(11):1922-9. doi: 10.1007/s10620-006-9241-y
- Piessevaux H, De Winter B, Louis E, Muls V, De Looze D, Pelckmans P, Deltenre M, Urbain D, Tack J. Dyspeptic symptoms in the general population: a factor and cluster analysis of symptom groupings. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2009;21(4):378-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01262.x
- Ohara S, Kawano T, Kusano M, Kouzu T. Survey on the prevalence of GERD and FD based on the Montreal definition and the Rome III criteria among patients presenting with epigastric symptoms in Japan. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(5):603-11. doi: 10.1007/s00535-011-0382-1
- Choung R, Locke G, Schleck C, Zinsmeister A, Talley N. Overlap of dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux in the general population: one disease or distinct entities? Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;24(3):229-e106. doi: 10.11 11/j.1365-2982.2011.01845.x
- Nam S, Ryu K, Park B. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Is Associated With Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptom but Not Erosive Esophagitis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;19(4):521-31. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.4.521
- Lovell R, Ford A. Global Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(7):712-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.029
- Sperber A, Dumitrascu D, Fukudo S, Gerson C, Ghoshal U, Gwee K, et al. The global prevalence of IBS in adults remains elusive due to the heterogeneity of studies: a Rome Foundation working team literature review. Gut. 2016;66(6):1075-82. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311240
- Palsson O, Whitehead W, van Tilburg M, Chang L, Chey W, Crowell M, et al. Development and Validation of the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for Adults. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1481-91. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.014
- Palsson O, van Tilburg M, Simren M, Sperber A, Whitehead W. Mo1642 Population Prevalence of Rome IV and Rome III Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in the United States (US), Canada and the United Kingdom (UK). Gastroenterology. 2016;150(4):739-40. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(16)32 513-6
- Longstreth G, Wilson A, Knight K, Wong J, Chiou C, Barghout V, et al. Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Health Care Use, and Costs: A U.S. Managed Care Perspective. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(3):600-7. doi: 10.1111/ j.1572-0241.2003.07296.x
- Layer P, Andresen V, Diemert S, Mackinnon J, Bertsch J, Fortea J, Tack J. Economic Burden and Quality of Life of Moderate-To-Severe Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation (Ibs-C) In Germany: Results From The Ibis-C Study. Value Health. 2015;18(7):A624. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.2193
- Hulisz D. The Burden of Illness of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Current Challenges and Hope for the Future. J Managed Care Pharmacy. 2004;10(4):299-309. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2004.10.4.299
- Ford A, Lacy B, Talley N. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. New Engl J Med. 2017;376(26):2566-78. doi: 10.1056/nejmra1607547
- Drossman D. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: History, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Rome IV. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1262-79. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.032
- Farmer A, Aziz Q. Visceral pain hypersensitivity in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Br Med Bull. 2009;91(1):123-36. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ ldp026
- Barbara G, De Giorgio R, Stanghellini V, Cremon C, Corinaldesi R. A role for inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome? Gut. 2002;51(Suppl 1):i41-i44. doi: 10.1136/gut.51.suppl_1.i41
- Lee E, Schiller L, Fordtran J. Quantification of colonic lamina propria cells by means of a morphometric point-counting method. Gastroenterology. 1988;94(2):409-18. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(88)90430-1
- Barbara G, Feinle-Bisset C, Ghoshal U, Santos J, Vanner S, Vergnolle N, et al. The Intestinal Microenvironment and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1305-18. doi: 10. 1053/j.gastro.2016.02.028
- Sinagra E, Morreale G, Mohammadian G, et al. New therapeutic perspectives in irritable bowel syndrome: Targeting low-grade inflammation, immuno-neuroendocrine axis, motility, secretion and beyond. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(36):6593-627. doi: 10.3748/ wjg.v23.i36.6593
- Mukhtar K, Nawaz H, Abid S. Functional gastrointestinal disorders and gut-brain axis: What does the future hold? World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(5): 552-66. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.552
- Яровая Г.А., Блохина Т.Б., Нешкова Е.А. Рецепторы, активируемые протеиназами (PARs) – сигнальный путь, инициируемый ограниченным протеолизом. Лабораторная медицина. 2009;(10):23-34 [Jarovaja G, Blohina T, Neshkova E. Receptory, aktiviruemye proteinazami (PARs) – signal’nyj put’, iniciiruemyj ogranichennym proteolizom. Laboratornaja medicina. 2009;(10):23-34 (In Russ.)].
- Akbar A, Yiangou Y, Facer P, Walters J, Anand P, Ghosh S. Increased capsaicin receptor TRPV1-expressing sensory fibres in irritable bowel syndrome and their correlation with abdominal pain. Gut. 2008;57(7):923-9. doi: 10.1136/gut.2007.138982
- Szallasi A, Gunthorpe M. Peripheral TRPV1 Receptors As Targets for Drug Development: New Molecules and Mechanisms. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(1):32-41. doi: 10.2174/138161208783330754
- Cenac N, Andrews C, Holzhausen M, Chapman K, Cottrell G, Andrade-Gordon P, et al. Role for protease activity in visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Investigat. 2007;117(3):636-47. doi: 10.1172/jci29255
- De Bortoli N, Tolone S, Frazzoni M, Martinucci I, Sgherri G, Albano E, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: common overlapping gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018;31(6):639-48. doi: 10.20524/aog.2018.0314
- Wouters M, Van Wanrooy S, Nguyen A, Dooley J, Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Van Brabant W, et al. Psychological comorbidity increases the risk for postinfectious IBS partly by enhanced susceptibility to develop infectious gastroenteritis. Gut. 2015;65(8):1279-88. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309460
- Halvorson H, Schlett C, Riddle M. Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(8):1894-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00654.x
- Mearin F, Pérez-Oliveras M, Perelló A, Vinyet J, Ibañez A, Coderch J, Perona M. Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome After a Salmonella Gastroenteritis Outbreak: One-Year Follow-up Cohort Study. Gastroenterology. 2005;129(1):98-104. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.012
- Spiller R, Garsed K. Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(6):1979-88. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.074
- De Groat W, Krier J. The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat. J Physiol (Lond). 1978;276(1):481-500. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012248
- Zhong L, Shanahan E, Raj A, Koloski N, Fletcher L, Morrison M, et al. Dyspepsia and the microbiome: time to focus on the small intestine. Gut. 2016;66(6):1168-9. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312574
- Ford A, Lacy B, Talley N. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. New Engl J Med. 2017;376(26):2566-78. doi: 10.1056/nejmra1607547
- Talley N, Ford A. Functional Dyspepsia. New Engl J Med. 2016;374(9):895-6. doi: 10.1056/nejmc1515497
- Tack J, Corsetti M, Camilleri M, Quigley E, Simren M, Suzuki H, et al. Plausibility criteria for putative pathophysiological mechanisms in functional gastrointestinal disorders: a consensus of experts. Gut. 2017;67(8):1425-33. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312230
- Cremonini F, Talley N. Review article: the overlap between functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome – a tale of one or two disorders? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20(s7):40-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02184.x
- Gwee K. Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome, an Inflammation-Immunological Model with Relevance for Other IBS and Functional Dyspepsia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;16(1):30-4. doi: 10.5056/jnm. 2010.16.1.30
- Drossman D. The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Rome III Process. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(5):1377-90. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.03. 008
- El-Salhy M, Hatlebakk J, Gilja O, Hausken T. Irritable bowel syndrome: recent developments in diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;8(4):435-43. doi: 10.1586/ 17474124.2014.888952
- Stanghellini V, Chan F, Hasler W, Malagelada J, Suzuki H, Tack J, Talley N. Gastroduodenal Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1380-92. doi:10. 1053/j.gastro.2016.02.011
- Mahadeva S. Epidemiology of functional dyspepsia: A global perspective. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(17):2661. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12. i17.2661
- Mayer E, Labus J, Aziz Q, Tracey I, Kilpatrick L, Elsenbruch S, et al. Role of brain imaging in disorders of brain–gut interaction: a Rome Working Team Report. Gut. 2019: Sep;68(9):1701-15. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318308
- Gwee K, Teng L, Wong R, Ho K, Sutedja D, Yeoh K. The response of Asian patients with functional dyspepsia to eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(4):417-24. doi: 10.1097/meg.0b013e328317b89e
- El Salhy M, Gilja O, Hatlebakk J. Overlapping of irritable bowel syndrome with erosive esophagitis and the performance of Rome criteria in diagnosing IBS in a clinical setting. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20(1):787-94. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10284
- Осадчук М.А., Бурдина В.О. Синдром раздраженного кишечника с внекишечными проявлениями с позиций нейроэндокринной патологии. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2015;114(2):29-34 [Osadchuk M, Burdina V. Irritable bowel syndrome with extraintestinal manifestations from a position of neuroendocrine pathology. Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Gastroenterologiya. 2014;115(2):29-34 (In Russ.)].
- Miwa H. Why dyspepsia can occur without organic disease: pathogenesis and management of functional dyspepsia. J Gastroenterol. 2012;47(8):862-71. doi: 10.1007/s00535-012-0625-9
- Осадчук М.А., Осадчук М.М. Синдром перекреста функциональной диспепсии, гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни и синдрома раздраженного кишечника: оптимизация терапии. Русский медицинский журнал. Медицинское обозрение. 2015;28:1690-2 [Osadchuk MA, Osadchuk MM. Cross-syndrome of functional dispepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome: optimization of therapy. Russkij medicinskij zhurnal. Medicinskoe obozrenie. 2015;28:1690-2 (In Russ.)].
- Mönnikes H, Schwan T, Rensburg C, Straszak A, Theek C, Sander P, Lühmann R. Randomised clinical trial: sustained response to PPI treatment of symptoms resembling functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in patients suffering from an overlap with erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(11):1279-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05085.x
- Mönnikes H, Schwan T, van Rensburg C, Straszak A, Theek C, Lühmann R, et al. Possible etiology of improvements in both quality of life and overlapping gastroesophageal reflux disease by proton pump inhibitor treatment in a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013;13(1):145. doi: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-145
- Camilleri M, Tack J. Current Medical Treatments of Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2010;39(3):481-93. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2010.08.005
- Chong P, Chin V, Looi C, Wong W, Madhavan P, Yong V. The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1136. Accessed August 5, 2019. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01136
- Mayer E, Labus J, Tillisch K, Cole S, Baldi P. Towards a systems view of IBS. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(10):592-605. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.121
- Garros A, Mion F, Marjoux S, Damon H, Roman S. Factors associated with nonresponse to proton pump inhibitors therapy in patients referred for esophageal pH-impedance monitoring. Dis Esophag. 2015;29(7):787-93. doi: 10.1111/dote.12374
- Delvaux M, Wingate D. Trimebutine: Mechanism of Action, Effects on Gastrointestinal Function and Clinical Results. J Int Med Res. 1997;25(5):225-46. doi: 10.1177/030006059702500501
- Romański K. Importance of the enteric nervous system in the control of the migrating motility complex. Physiol Int. 2017;104(2):97-129. doi: 10.1556/2060.104.2017.2.4
- Драпкина О.М., Корнеева О.Н. Кишечная микробиота и ожирение. Патогенетические взаимосвязи и пути нормализации кишечной микрофлоры. Терапевтический архив. 2016;88(9):135-42 [Drapkina OM, Korneeva ON. Gut microbiota and obesity: Pathogenetic relationships and ways to normalize the intestinal microflora. Therapeutic Archive. 2016;88(9): 135-42 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/terarkh2016889135-142
- Zeng J, Li Y, Zuo X, Zhen Y, Yang J, Liu C. Clinical trial: effect of active lactic acid bacteria on mucosal barrier function in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(8):994-1002. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03818.x
- Ford A, Quigley E, Lacy B, Lembo A, Saito Y, Schiller L, et al. Efficacy of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(10):1547-61. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.202
- Distrutti E, Monaldi L, Ricci P, Fiorucci S. Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22 (7):2219-41. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i7.2219
- Barbara G, Zecchi L, Barbaro R, Cremon C, Bellacosa L, Marcellini M, et al. Mucosal Permeability and Immune Activation as Potential Therapeutic Targets of Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46:52-5. doi: 10.1097/mcg.0b013e31826 4e918
- Drossman D, Morris C, Hu Y, Toner B, Diamant N, Whitehead W, et al. Characterization of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) for Patients With Functional Bowel Disorder (FBD) and Its Response to Treatment. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(7):1442-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01283.x
- Madisch A, Andresen V, Enck P, Labenz J, Frieling T, Schemann M. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. 2018;115(13):222-32. Accessed August 5, 2019. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0222
- Kountouras J, Zavos C, Chatzopoulos D, Katsinelos P. Helicobacter pylori and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Lancet. 2006;368(9540):986. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69405-1
- Kaji M, Fujiwara Y, Shiba M, Kohata Y, Yamagami H, Tanigawa T, et al. Prevalence of overlaps between GERD, FD and IBS and impact on health-related quality of life. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25(6):1151-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06249.x
- Roman F, Lanet S, Hamon J, Brunelle G, Maurin A, Champeroux P, et al. Pharmacological properties of trimebutine and N-monodesmethyltrimebutine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999;289:1391-7.
- Cenac N, Castro M, Desormeaux C, Colin P, Sie M, Ranger M, Vergnolle N. A novel orally administered trimebutine compound (GIC-1001) is anti-nociceptive and features peripheral opioid agonistic activity and Hydrogen Sulphide-releasing capacity in mice. Eur J Pain. 2015;20(5):723-30. doi: 10.1002/ejp.798
- Kountouras J, Sofianou D, Gavalas E, Sianou E, Zavos C, Meletis G, Tsiaousi E. Trimebutine as a potential antimicrobial agent: a preliminary in vitro approach. Hippokratia. 2012;16(4):347-9.
- Lördal M, Hellström P. Serotonin stimulates migrating myoelectric complex via 5‐HT 3-receptors dependent on cholinergic pathways in rat small intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 1999;11(1):1-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2982.1999.00125.x
- Fan Y, Liu P, Xue W, Zhao W, Pan H. Trimebutine Promotes Glioma Cell Apoptosis as a Potential Anti-tumor Agent. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:664. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00664
- Xiang S, Xiang T, Xiao Q, Li Y, Shao B, Luo T. Zinc-finger protein 545 is inactivated due to promoter methylation and functions as a tumor suppressor through the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol. 2017;51(3):801-11. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4064
- De Araújo Jr R, Pessoa J, Cruz L, Chan A, De Castro Miguel E, et al. Apoptosis in human liver carcinoma caused by gold nanoparticles in combination with carvedilol is mediated via modulation of MAPK/Akt/mTOR pathway and EGFR/FAAD proteins. Int J Oncol. 2017;52:189-200. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4179
- Kruszewska H, Zareba T, Tyski S. Examination of antimicrobial activity of selected non-antibiotic drugs. Acta Pol Pharma. 2004;61:18-21.
- Chey W, Kurlander J, Eswaran S. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. JAMA. 2015;313(9):949. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.0954
- Moayyedi P, Andrews C, MacQueen G, Korownyk C, Marsiglio M, Graff L, et al. Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). J Can Assoc Gastroenterol. 2019;2(1):6-29. doi: 10.1093/jcag/gwy071
- Hou X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Sha W, Yu X, Elsawah H, et al. Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Assessed Using the IBS–Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) Measure After 4 and 8 Weeks of Treatment with Mebeverine Hydrochloride or Pinaverium Bromide: Results of an International Prospective Observational Cohort Study in Poland, Egypt, Mexico and China. Clin Drug Investig. 2014;34(11):783-93. doi: 10.1007/ s40261-014-0233-y
- Brenner H, Stock C, Hoffmeister M. Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ. 2014;348(apr09 1):2467-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2467
- El-Salhy M, Halwe J, Lomholt-Beck B, Gundersen D. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases, microscopic colitis, and colorectal cancer in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Insights. 2011;3(1):3. doi: 10.4081/gi.2011.e3
- Card T, Canavan C, West J. The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Epidemiol. 2014:6:71-80. doi: 10.2147/clep.s40245
- Dumitrascu D, Chira A, Bataga S, Diculescu M, Drug V, Gheorghe C, et al. The Use of Mebeverine in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A Position Paper of the Romanian Society of Neurogastroenterology based on Evidence. J Gastrointest Liv Dis. 2014;23(4):431-5. doi: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.234.mibs
- Moayyedi P, Lacy B, Andrews C, Enns R, Howden C, Vakil N. ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112(7):988-1013. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2017.154
- Xia X, Wang H. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Relief in Patients Treated with Rabeprazole 20 mg versus Omeprazole 20 mg: A Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:1-6. doi: 10.1155/2013/327571
- Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Leandro G, Scarcelli C, D’Ambrosio LP, Paris F, et al. Comparison of four proton pump inhibitors for the short-term treatment of esophagitis in elderly patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(33):4467. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i33.4467
- Nagahara A, Suzuki T, Nagata N, Sugai N, Takeuchi Y, Sakurai K, et al. A multicentre randomised trial to compare the efficacy of omeprazole versus rabeprazole in early symptom relief in patients with reflux esophagitis. J Gastroenterol. 2013;49(12):1536-47. doi: 10.1007/s00535-013-0925-8
- Madisch A, Andresen V, Enck P, Labenz J, Frieling T, Schemann M. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. 2018;115(13):222-32. Accessed 5 August, 2019. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0222
- Осадчук А.М., Давыдкин И.Л., Гриценко Т.А., Осадчук М.А. Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь и эзофагит, ассоциированные с применением лекарственных препаратов: современное состояние проблемы. Терапевтический архив. 2019;91(8):135-40 [Osadchuk АM, Davydkin IL, Gritsenko TА, Osadchuk MА. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophagitis associated with the use of drugs: the modern state of the problem. Therapeutic Archive. 2019;91(8):135-40 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.26442/ 00403660.2019.08.000228
- Verdu B, Decosterd I, Buclin T, Stiefel F, Berney A. Antidepressants for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Drugs. 2008;68(18):2611-32. doi: 10.2165/0003495-200868180-00007
- Grover M, Camilleri M. Effects on gastrointestinal functions and symptoms of serotonergic psychoactive agents used in functional gastrointestinal diseases. J Gastroenterol. 2012;48(2):177-81. doi: 10.1007/ s00535-012-0726-5