The role of perivascular adipose tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The importance of diagnosis for assessing the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases


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Abstract

Obesity is closely associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Adipose tissue (AT) is identified as a complex endocrine organ, with a wide range of regulatory functions at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. Various terms, including paracardiac, epicardial and pericardial, are used to describe the fatty deposits surrounding the heart. Among all the fat depots, perivascular AT (PVAT) is of great biological significance for the cardiovascular system due to its anatomical proximity to the vessels. Recent studies have shown the presence of a complex, bidirectional paracrine and vasocardial signaling system between the vascular wall and PVAT. In the review, we will discuss the biological role of PVAT in both the physiological state and cardiovascular pathology, emphasizing its dual proatherogenic and antiatherogenic role. Let us consider PVAT as a target for various therapeutic agents in cardiovascular diseases. We will also analyze data on the role of non-invasive techniques as a diagnostic tool for assessing coronary artery inflammation.

About the authors

E G Uchasova

Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease

к.м.н., с.н.с. лаб. исследований гомеостаза отд. диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний ФГБНУ «НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», доц. каф. патологической физиологии, медицинской и клинической биохимии ФГБОУ ВО «КемГМУ»; тел.: +7(3842)64-05-53; ORCID: 0000-0003-4321-8977 Kemerovo, Russia

O V Gruzdeva

Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease; Kemerovo State Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation

д.м.н., зав. лаб. исследований гомеостаза отд. диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний ФГБНУ «НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», доц. каф. патологической физиологии, медицинской и клинической биохимии ФГБОУ ВО «КемГМУ»; ORCID: 0000-0002-7780-829X Kemerovo, Russia

Yu A Dyleva

Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease

к.м.н., с.н.с. лаб. исследований гомеостаза отд. диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний ФГБНУ «НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»; ORCID: 0000-0002-6890-3287 Kemerovo, Russia

E V Belik

Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease

м.н.с. лаб. исследований гомеостаза отд. диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний ФГБНУ «НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»; ORCID: 0000-0003-3996-3325 Kemerovo, Russia

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