Принципы диетотерапии саркопенического ожирения
- Авторы: Павловская Е.В.1,2, Кисляк О.А.3, Стародубова А.В.1,3
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Учреждения:
- ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»
- ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России
- ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)
- Выпуск: Том 97, № 7 (2025)
- Страницы: 571-579
- Раздел: Обзоры
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0040-3660/article/view/314006
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2025.07.203270
- ID: 314006
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Питание, наряду с физической активностью, играет ключевую роль в возникновении и прогрессировании саркопенического ожирения (СО), что определяет важность диетологических вмешательств в комплексных программах профилактики и лечения этого заболевания. Классический подход к диетотерапии ожирения, который заключается в снижении энергетической ценности рациона, сопровождается снижением массы тела за счет как жирового, так и безжирового компонентов. У пожилых пациентов с СО снижение массы тела негативно отражается не только на количестве мышечной массы, но и на функции мышц. Перспективным подходом к диетотерапии этой формы ожирения является качественная модификация структуры диеты, используемой для снижения массы тела. Клиническая роль конкретных компонентов рациона питания, пищевых продуктов и моделей питания в целом, которые позволяют эффективно бороться с СО, остается малоизученной. Известна необходимость достаточного потребления белка высокого качества и аминокислот с разветвленной цепью для стабилизации и увеличения мышечной массы, при этом рекомендуемые нормы потребления белка у пациентов с СО различного возраста продолжают обсуждаться. Показано, что в пожилом и старческом возрасте на фоне снижения потребности в энергии увеличивается потребность в белке. Роль ù-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, витамина D, кальция и полифенолов в лечении СО может быть обусловлена их противовоспалительным действием, а также, возможно, активацией функций митохондрий и регуляцией процессов миогенеза. Разработка и назначение специализированных пищевых продуктов, содержащих как белок, аминокислоты с разветвленной цепью, так и другие ключевые пищевые вещества, позволит повысить эффективность терапии СО. В обзоре суммированы современные диетологические подходы при СО.
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Елена Вячеславовна Павловская
ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: elena_pavlovsky@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4505-397X
д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд-ния педиатрической гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии, проф. каф. диетологии и нутрициологии
Россия, Москва; МоскваОксана Андреевна Кисляк
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)
Email: elena_pavlovsky@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2028-8748
д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. факультетской терапии Института клинической медицины
Россия, МоскваАнтонина Владимировна Стародубова
ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)
Email: elena_pavlovsky@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9262-9233
д-р мед. наук, доц., зам. дир. по научной и лечебной работе, зав. каф. факультетской терапии Института клинической медицины
Россия, Москва; МоскваСписок литературы
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