Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A review
- Authors: Oleynikov V.E.1, Chernova A.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Penza State University
- Issue: Vol 97, No 4 (2025): Вопросы диагностики
- Pages: 360-366
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0040-3660/article/view/292181
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2025.04.203149
- ID: 292181
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Abstract
Vectorcardiography (VCG) originated back in 1887 due to the discovery of the dipole theory of the heart electric vector by Augustus D. Waller. Despite the fact that the idea of constructing an electric vector of the heart quickly gained appreciation among scientists of that time, the technical imperfections of electrocardiographs and the complexity of manual calculations for a certain period of time reduced the interest of researchers in this method. The advent of digital electrocardiographs and the development of algorithms for the automatic construction of heart vectors gave VCG a second life and allowed us to look at vector theory from a different angle. It became possible to visualize the electrical processes of the myocardium in a three-dimensional image, to calculate the parameters of the depolarization and repolarization vectors. This review summarizes the currently available ideas and research results on the study of VCG. The concepts of global electrical heterogeneity and ventricular gradient based on the vector theory of the heart are discussed. The data of numerous studies testifying to the significant prognostic and diagnostic value of the obtained parameters of VCG are presented.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Valentin E. Oleynikov
Penza State University
Email: v.oleynikof@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7463-9259
доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедры терапии Медицинского института
Russian Federation, PenzaAngelina A. Chernova
Penza State University
Author for correspondence.
Email: v.oleynikof@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-7957-8034
аспирант кафедры терапии Медицинского института
Russian Federation, PenzaReferences
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