Цитомегаловирусная инфекция в гастроэнтерологии
- Авторы: Маев И.В.1, Великолуг К.А.2
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Учреждения:
- ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России
- ООО «МедлайН – Сервис»
- Выпуск: Том 96, № 8 (2024): Вопросы лечения
- Страницы: 723-731
- Раздел: Передовая статья
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0040-3660/article/view/266630
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2024.08.202814
- ID: 266630
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Аннотация
Цель. Осветить актуальность гастроинтестинальных проявлений цитомегаловирусной инфекции (ЦМВИ), выделить основные факторы риска ее развития, а также современные тенденции в диагностике и лечении.
Основные положения. ЦМВИ является одним из самых распространенных оппортунистических заболеваний, которое характеризуется многообразием проявлений от бессимптомного течения до тяжелых генерализованных форм с поражением внутренних органов и систем организма. Распространенность ЦМВИ во всем мире составляет 20–95%. Особое внимание уделяется своевременной диагностике, лечению и профилактике ЦМВИ. «Золотым стандартом» в диагностике болезней органов пищеварения, ассоциированных с ЦМВИ, являются иммуногистохимическое исследование и обнаружение ДНК цитомегаловируса в тканях методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Несомненный интерес в диагностике ЦМВИ представляет обнаружение ДНК цитомегаловируса в кале методом цифровой ПЦР. По сравнению с количественной цифровая ПЦР обладает более высокой точностью и чувствительностью. В терапии 1-й линии препаратами выбора являются ганцикловир и валганцикловир. Для лечения пациентов с ЦМВИ, рефрактерной к одной или нескольким предшествующим терапиям, успешно применяют марибавир. Одно из перспективных направлений в лечении цитомегаловирусного колита у пациентов с язвенным колитом – трансплантация фекальной микробиоты.
Заключение. Своевременное выявление факторов риска развития ЦМВИ, внедрение инновационных методов и подходов в диагностике, использование эффективных методов лечения болезней органов пищеварения, ассоциированных с ЦМВИ, позволяют улучшить прогноз основного заболевания и снизить риск развития ургентных состояний в гастроэнтерологии.
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Игорь Вениаминович Маев
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России
Email: Vel_71@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6114-564X
акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии лечебного фак-та, проректор по учебной работе
Россия, МоскваКонстантин Александрович Великолуг
ООО «МедлайН – Сервис»
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: Vel_71@mail.ru
д-р мед. наук, врач-гастроэнтеролог, врач-эндоскопист высшей квалификационной категории
Россия, МоскваСписок литературы
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