Dyspnea in post-COVID-19 patients: A review

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Abstract

New coronavirus infection may lead to long-term consequences, particularly to post-COVID syndrome, one of the most common manifestations of which is dyspnea. Post-COVID-19 shortness of breath may persist from one to several months and even years that results in low quality of life of patients. The review highlights possible risk factors and causes of dyspnea in post-COVID period such as lung damage, cardiovascular pathology, hyperventilation syndrome, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, detraining, anemia, etc. The authors present data about COVID-19-associated causes of dyspnea and severity of acute COVID-19. The review emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with shortness of breath in post-COVID-19 period.

About the authors

Valery I. Podzolkov

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0758-5609

д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. факультетской терапии №2 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского

Russian Federation, Moscow

Maria V. Vetluzhskaya

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9733-4813

канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. факультетской терапии №2 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского

Russian Federation, Moscow

Ivan D. Medvedev

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4210-2841

канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. факультетской терапии №2 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского

Russian Federation, Moscow

Antonina A. Abramova

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3311-6072

канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. факультетской терапии №2 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского

Russian Federation, Moscow

Galina A. Kislenko

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-7734-8830

студентка Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Classification of post-COVID manifestations

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3. Fig. 2. Possible mechanisms of post-COVID syndrome occurrence

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4. Fig. 3. COVID-associated causes of shortness of breath in post-COVID period

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5. Fig. 4. The main causes of anemia after COVID-19

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6. Fig. 5. Factors that increase and/or decrease the likelihood of structural or functional changes as a cause of dyspnea in post-COVID period

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