Body composition in sarcopenia in middle-aged individuals

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Abstract

Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to poor outcomes and reduced quality of life. In middle age, the decrease in muscle mass begins to be progressive. Bioimpedancemetry allows diagnosing this condition before the onset of clinical symptoms.

The purpose of the study: to evaluate the parameters of body composition in the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in middle-aged people.

Materials and Methods: The participants were divided into two groups – the main one with sarcopenia – 146 people and the control group – 75 people. The complex of examinations included: neuropsychological testing (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), quality of life questionnaire for patients with sarcopenia (SarQoL), short health assessment form (SF-36)), 4-meter walking speed test, dynamometry and bioimpedancemetry.

The results of neuropsychological examination did not differ in the main and control groups. Patients with sarcopenia showed a decrease in muscle strength according to dynamometry. The scores of the walking speed assessment test in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group. The main and control groups had excessive body weight. According to the results of bioimpedanceometry, the main group had increased fat mass, percentage of fat mass, visceral fat area, and fat mass index compared with the control group. Skeletal muscle mass was less in the main group, probable sarcopenia was confirmed by decreased appendicular mass, decreased protein and mineral content was also recorded. There was a more pronounced decrease in cell mass in the main group. In patients with sarcopenia the volume of intracellular and extracellular fluid was less than in the control group. Significant differences were considered at p<0.05.

Conclusions: the introduction of bioimpedancemetry and dynamometry into early screening for muscle mass reduction will allow timely start of therapeutic and preventive measures even in middle age, which will lead to a decrease in the progression of sarcopenia in the elderly, as well as improve the quality of life.

About the authors

Iuliia G. Samoilova

Siberian State Medical University

Email: samoilova_y@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2667-4842

д-р мед. наук, зав. каф. детских болезней, проф. каф. факультетской терапии с курсом клинической фармакологии ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Mariia V. Matveeva

Siberian State Medical University

Email: matveeva.mariia@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9966-6686

д-р мед. наук, доц. каф. детских болезней, доц. каф. общей врачебной практики и поликлинической терапии ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Ekaterina A. Khoroshunova

Siberian State Medical University

Email: katya.xoroshunova.96@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3596-6732

аспирант каф. организации здравоохранения ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Dmitrii A. Kudlay

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); National Research Center – Institute of Immunology

Email: kudlay_d_a@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4212-3848

чл.-кор. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. фармакологии Института фармации им. А.П. Нелюбина ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет), вед. науч. сотр. лаб. персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии №71 ФГБУ ГНЦ «Институт иммунологии»

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Ivan V. Tolmachev

Siberian State Medical University

Email: kaf.med.kiber@ssmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2888-5539

канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. медицинской и биологической кибернетики ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Ludmila V. Spirina

Siberian State Medical University; Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk NRMC)

Email: kaf.biohimia@ssmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5269-736X

д-р мед. наук, зав. каф., проф. каф. биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ, вед. науч. сотр. отд-ния биохимии опухоли Научно-исследовательского института онкологии ФГБНУ «Томский НИМЦ»

Russian Federation, Tomsk; Tomsk

Igor V. Mosienko

Siberian State Medical University

Email: bolone08@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8104-4325

врач-эндокринолог ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Vera E. Yun

Siberian State Medical University

Email: verayun05@mail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9127-8619

ассистент каф. педиатрии с курсом эндокринологии ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Ekaterina I. Trifonova

Siberian State Medical University

Email: trif18kate@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2825-5035

ординатор каф. педиатрии с курсом эндокринологии ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Polina I. Zakharchuk

Siberian State Medical University

Email: polya@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9809-4716

студентка ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Tamara D. Vachadze

Siberian State Medical University

Email: vtooma@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6384-1972

студентка ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Liudmila M. Shuliko

Siberian State Medical University

Email: ludmila.shuliko15@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5299-2097

студентка ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Daria E. Galiukova

Siberian State Medical University

Email: darya.galyukova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2660-469X

студентка ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Venera E. Mutalimi

Siberian State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: mutalimivenera@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2816-5547

врач-педиатр, ассистент каф. педиатрии с курсом эндокринологии ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ

Russian Federation, Tomsk

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2. Fig. 1. Parameters of neuropsychological testing in the main and control groups.

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