Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Features of histological diagnosis: study design
- Authors: Guselnikova V.V.1, Fedorova E.A.1, Gudkova A.J.2, Shavlovsky M.M.1, Korzhevskii D.E.1,2
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Affiliations:
- Institute of Experimental Medicine
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 94, No 4 (2022)
- Pages: 473-478
- Section: Original articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0040-3660/article/view/108193
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2022.04.201464
- ID: 108193
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Abstract
Aim. To compare efficiency and specific features of transthyretin amyloid staining by different histological dyes and thus to assess their suitability for diagnostic purposes.
Materials and methods. Samples of left and right heart ventricles were taken from patients over 70 years-old of both genders (n=10) with immunohistochemically verified transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). All samples were stained with Congo red, Alcian blue, toluidine blue and methylene violet.
Results. Specificity and sensitivity of Congo red staining was comparable to those of immunohistochemical staining. For verification of amyloid presence after Congo red staining one could use fluorescent microscopy instead of polarization microscopy. It allows a more accurate diagnosis of amyloidosis. Confocal microscopy with spectral unmixing improves detection sensitivity of amyloid by elimination of background fluorescence of muscle tissue and autofluorescence of lipofuscin. Alcian blue staining gives the same result as Congo red. In addition, it’s less labor-intensive and free of false-positive and false-negative results caused by final processing of slide preparation. Toluidine blue and methylene violet develop metachromatic staining upon binding to transthyretin fibrils, likely due to specific biochemical features of these fibrils.
Conclusion. The most reliable method for histochemical diagnosis of ATTR is the Congo red staining with subsequent analysis using fluorescence or confocal microscopy. For diagnostic screening, the use of Sodium sulphate-Alcian blue staining method is highly promising. Metachromatic stains are less effective for ATTR diagnosis.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Valeriia V. Guselnikova
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Author for correspondence.
Email: Guselnicova.Valeriia@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9499-8275
канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. функциональной морфологии центральной и периферической нервной системы отд. общей и частной морфологии
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgElena A. Fedorova
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Email: Guselnicova.Valeriia@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0190-885X
канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. лаб. функциональной морфологии центральной и периферической нервной системы отд. общей и частной морфологии
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgAlexandra Ja. Gudkova
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
Email: Guselnicova.Valeriia@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0156-8821
д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. факультетской терапии, зав. лаб. кардиомиопатий НИИ сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний Научно-клинического исследовательского центра
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgMichael M. Shavlovsky
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Email: Guselnicova.Valeriia@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2119-476X
д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. лаб. молекулярной генетики человека отд. молекулярной генетики
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgDmitrii E. Korzhevskii
Institute of Experimental Medicine; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
Email: Guselnicova.Valeriia@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2456-8165
д-р. мед. наук, проф., проф. РАН, зав. лаб. функциональной морфологии центральной и периферической нервной системы отд. общей и частной морфологии, вед. науч. сотр. лаб. кардиомиопатий НИИ сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint PetersburgReferences
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