The prevalence of anemia and its associations with other geriatric syndromes in subjects over 65 years old: data of Russian epidemiological study EVKALIPT

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Abstract

Background. A low hemoglobin level in older adults impairs cognitive ability and functional status and associates with risk of falls and fractures, sarcopenia, malnutrition, depression, frailty, and decreased autonomy. Epidemiological data on the anemia prevalence in the geriatric population in our country is not available.

Aim. To assess the prevalence of anemia and analyze its associations with geriatric syndromes (GS) in subjects aged ≥65 years.

Materials and methods. 4308 subjects (30% of men) aged 65–107 years, living in 11 regions of the Russian Federation, were examined and divided into age groups (65–74 years, 75–84 years and ≥85 years). All the participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment and determined hemoglobin level.

Results. The anemia prevalence in older adults was 23.9%. It has been shown that with an increase in age per 1 year, the risk of anemia detection increases by 4%. The incidence of anemia was higher in males than females (28.1% versus 22.1%; p<0.001). In most cases, anemia was mild. The results of a comprehensive geriatric assessment show that patients with anemia had lower hand grip force, Barthel Index, the sum of points on Lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment scale, the Mini-Cog test and higher – the sum of points on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and the Age Is No Barrier scale. Patients with anemia were more likely to use hearing aids, absorbent underwear, and assistive devices during movement. Patients with anemia had a higher incidence of all GS, except for orthostatic hypotension and chronic pain syndrome. The presence of GS is associated with an increased risk of anemia by 1.3–3.4 times.

Conclusion. EVKALIPT study obtained domestic data on the prevalence of anemia in older patients and examined its associations with other GS.

About the authors

Natalia O. Khovasova

Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: natashahov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3066-4866

канд. мед. наук, доц., ст. науч. сотр. лаб. заболеваний костно-мышечной системы, доц. каф. болезней старения ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова»

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Natalya M. Vorobyeva

Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology

Email: natashahov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6021-7864

д-р мед. наук, зав. лаб. сердечно- сосудистого старения

Russian Federation, Moscow

Olga N. Tkacheva

Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: natashahov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4193-688X

д-р мед. наук, проф., дир. ОСП РГНКЦ ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова», зав. каф. болезней старения ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова», глав. внешт. гериатр Минздрава России

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Yulia V. Kotovskaya

Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology

Email: natashahov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1628-5093

д-р мед. наук, проф., зам. дир. по научной работе ОСП РГНКЦ ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова»

Russian Federation, Moscow

Anton V. Naumov

Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology

Email: natashahov@mail.ru

д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. болезней старения ФДПО, зав. лаб. заболеваний костно-мышечной системы ОСП РГНКЦ ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова»

Russian Federation, Moscow

Elena V. Selezneva

National Research University “Higher School of Economics”

Email: natashahov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6623-6815

канд. экон. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

Russian Federation, Moscow

Lilia N. Ovcharova

National Research University “Higher School of Economics”

Email: natashahov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7266-707X

д-р экон. наук, проректор

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Prevalence of chronic anemia (CA) in individuals aged ≥65 years by age group (n=4302).

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