Molecular Interactions of Transition Metal Chlorides in Water and Water–Ethanol Mixtures at 298–318 K on Viscometric Data

Abstract

Viscosities of solutions of manganese chloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride, copper chloride, cadmium chloride and magnesium chloride at different concentrations have been determined in water and in ethanol + water mixtures at 303.15 K. Effect of temperature was also studied in 5% of ethanol in water at 298–318 K. The measured viscosity data has been analyzed by using Jones–Dole equation. The obtained parameters have been interpreted in terms of ion–ion and ion–solvent interactions. Activation parameters have been determined which explain the mechanism of viscous flow. In the present study all the taken transition metal chlorides and magnesium chloride were found structure promoters in water and in water + ethanol mixtures.