Solvation thermodynamics of benzene, nitrobenzene, and aniline in water–acetonitrile mixtures

Abstract

The enthalpies of dissolution of benzene, nitrobenzene, and aniline in water–acetonitrile mixtures are determined via calorimetry. The concentration dependences of the standard enthalpies of solvation of solutes are calculated. It is found that the concentration dependences of the standard enthalpies of solvation pass through maxima. The height of the observed maxima is shown to depend largely on the nature of the substituent. In the presence of a hydrophilic amino group capable of forming strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules, the value of a maximum falls; in the presence of a nitro group, it rises. The enthalpy parameters of pair interaction between molecules of water and benzene and its derivatives are calculated.