Rastitelʹnye resursy

The variability of ascorbic acid and water-soluble proteins content in buds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forms growing under constant excessive moistening of northern taiga soils at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River was studied. The forms were distinguished by the types of seed scale apophyses and microstrobilus color. It was found that synthesis of ascorbic acid in buds of Scots pine with different types of seed scale apophyses depends on the seasonal factor. The content of water-soluble proteins in tree buds with convex (f. gibba Christ) and flat (f. plana Christ) apophysis types increases in autumn, which indicates the activation of protective response in preparation for overwintering. At the same time, in October 2022, the content of water-soluble proteins in pine buds with flat apophyses was significantly higher compared to the form with convex apophyses This indicates a stronger stress and activation of defense reactions in trees with flat apophyses. In pine trees with yellow (f. sulfuranthera Kozubov) and red (f. erythranthera Sanio) color of microstrobili, specific patterns in the synthesis of ascorbic acid were observed in certain years and months. In August 2022, the ascorbic acid content in buds of pine trees with yellow microstrobili was significantly higher than that of pine trees with red microstrobili. This indicates a stronger response of the form with yellow-coloured microstrobili to the stress factors. The dynamics of the water-soluble proteins content in pine buds with different microstrobilus color is determined by seasonal variability and is probably related to the development of bud structures and their preparation for the transition to winter dormancy.

The article presents the analysis of the genesis of the flower reproductive structures of Danae racemosa (L.) Moench (Asparagaceae) – an evergreen shrub introduced to the Southern coast of Crimea. The natural range of the species covers Turkey, Syria, Transcaucasia and Iran. The inflorescences of D. racemosa contain flowers of three types: staminate, bisexual and pistillate. Cytoembryological analysis of the development of reproductive structures of D. racemose has shown that the main features of the male generative sphere of D. racemosa are the centripetal type of microsporangium wall formation; secretory tapetum; a successive type of microsporogenesis, microspore tetrads are isobilateral or tetrahedral. The wall of the mature anther has a layer of flattened epidermal cells and endothecium with fibrous thickenings. Pollen grains in D. racemosa are tricellular. The female generative sphere of D. racemosa is represented by anatropic, bitegmic, medionucellate ovules. Megasporogenesis takes place with the formation of a linear tetrad of megaspores. The embryo sac develops by Polygonum-type. In all D. racemosa flowers, regardless of the type, the rudiments of anthers and ovules are formed in the early stages. Fully functional male and female generative structures (anthers and ovules) develop in bisexual flowers. Morphologically normal pollen grains (about 70%) predominate in the pollen of such flowers. In staminate flowers, the female generative sphere undergoes reduction. Ovules degenerate at megasporocyte stage. In the pistillate flowers, anthers abortion occurs at microsporocyte stage, however, the anthers remain, and in some cases, a small amount of pollen is formed in them.

The protocol of microclonal reproduction of Oxytropis chankaensis Jurtz. (a rare endemic species of the Primorye Territory) was developed for the first time. Seeds of the second year of storage were used as primary explants. Seed germination was 36%, and viability – 75%. Cultivation was carried out on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The effect of four growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine, thidiazuron, 1-naphthylacetic acid and indolе-3-butyric acid) in concentrations from 0.5 to 2 mg/l, and of their combinations on the reproduction index and rooting of microclones in vitro was evaluated. In the studied species, the positive effect of 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron and 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid on the multiplication of shoots was observed. On the growth media supplemented with the above growth regulators, the reproduction index was 6 and 7, respectively. Simultaneous application of two growth regulators into the nutrient medium leads to the formation of callus tissue, subsequently vitrified. Root formation is observed on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid or 0.5 mg/l 1-naphthylacetic acid.

Studies of the content of 47 elements in leaves of lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. in Eastern Transbaikalia revealed the specific features of their accumulation from the soil. Samples of leaves and the upper (0–20 cm) soil horizon were collected at 15 sample plots located at different distances from mining facilities; a background site close the Ingodinsky research station was selected as a control. The content of elements in plant samples and associated soils was analyzed by mass spectrometric method. It was found that in leaves of V. vitis-idaea the essential elements K, Ca, Mg and P predominate, and Mn, Fe, Al and Ba are dominating trace elements. The relatively low content of vital macro- and microelements, as well as Sr, Rb, Ti, Ni, Pb, V, Li, Zr, Ga and Y is characteristic for the elemental composition of V. vitis-idaea leaves at the studied territory, as compared to other regions of Russia. There is no significant correlation between the concentration of all the studied elements in plants and their gross content in associated soils. Leaves of V. vitis-idaea growing near mining facilities, meet the requirements for medicinal plant raw materials in terms of Pb, Cd, and Hg content, and in most tested areas in terms of As content.

The article presents the results of a study of the component and element composition of extracts from leaves and fruits of red raspberry (Rubus buschii (Rozanova) Grossh., Rosaceae) (village of Surkh-Digora, city of Vladikavkaz), jostaberry (Ribes× nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer et A. Bauer, Grossulariaceae) (city of Vladikavkaz), and black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L., Caprifoliaceae) (village Tarskoye) growing in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in the highlands, midlands and foothills of the Central Caucasus. Flavonoids were isolated, identified and quantified in plant raw materials. It was highest content of flavonoids was found in green parts of plants. For the total content of flavonoids in the plant material (in terms of rutin) the following pattern was revealed: raspberry leaf (Surkh-Digora village) > jostaberry leaf (Vladikavkaz) > black elderberry fruits (Tara swamp). The content of K⁺ and Na⁺ in the soil, green parts and fruits of the studied samples depends on the habitat and determines the biological value of the studied species.