卷 70, 编号 10 (2025)

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The results of many years of research and development in the field of long-baseline laser interferometry at the underground beam-guide test site are summarized. The design of a beam waveguide and laser interferometers-strainmeters with a length from 10 m to 1.1 km is presented. Two basic instrument design schemes are described – equal-arm and unequal-arm Michelson interferometers with an optical recording servo-system and a three-mirror laser interferometer with optical feedback, which provide the ultimate instrumental resolution ε_min = 10^–12...10^–14 in the seismic and geoacoustic frequency bands. The parameters of the created devices are illustrated by examples of recording real geophysical phenomena. The results of using the developed laser-interferometric systems and distributed geophysical monitoring complexes are presented.

The results of dual-frequency radio sounding of the ionosphere of Venus are considered. It is shown that the experiments in the Venera-9, -10 and Venera-15, -16 projects allowed obtaining unique information due to the use of a 32 cm radio wave. The lower ionosphere of Venus (analogous to the D region of the Earth›s ionosphere) was discovered.

The parameters of a radar complex designed to study the surface and subsurface structure of the lunar soil within the framework of the Luna-26 project are presented. A brief overview of radiophysical studies of the soil using an active radar based on a spacecraft is presented.

This article develops statistical decision-making methods for classical and sequential procedures under conditions of limited observation volume based on remote and contact measurement data. A comparative analysis is conducted for classical and sequential statistical decision-making procedures. Based on this analysis, the possibilities of their application under conditions of fragmentary in time and fragmentary in space measurement data are determined. Algorithms and computational procedures for classical and sequential analysis are considered. A unified automated statistical decision-making system for both procedures is developed, which has a wide range of functions and uses a hierarchical menu.

The energy characteristics of a surface-surface electromagnetic wave propagating in an arbitrary direction along a tangentially magnetized bigyrotropic layer are theoretically investigated. It is shown that the modulus and orientation of the Poynting vector of such a wave (the distribution of which over the layer thickness is described by two different exponential dependencies) change abruptly at the layer surfaces (interfaces of the media). The described regularities are confirmed by the example of calculation of a similar spin wave characteristics in a ferrite plate, which is a special case of such a layer. For this spin wave, it is also found that the energy flux vector and the group velocity vector are always parallel and codirectional, whereas the direction of the group velocity vector calculated in the magnetostatic approximation does not coincide with the direction of the energy flux for the initial part of the wave spectrum.

The results of infra-red spectral range fluorimeter development on the base of native optoelectron-ic components for IR-luminescence diagnostics of superficial neoplasms are presented. Functions of modulating signal formation and data filtration are transmitted to electronic components in this device version. Comfortable, chiep and compact programmable device with analog-to-digital con-verter function of Arduino type were used instead of expensive units. The fluorimeter has been tested in Vladimirsky MONIKI (Moscow). This device ensures achievement of high values of the luminescence diagnostic contrast index of neoplasms/normal tissue.

The Yb: YAG and Yb: LuAG ceramic samples with the SiO2+B2O3 sintering additives, as well as the Yb: YAG ceramic samples with the CaO+MgO sintering additives, were obtained by reactive vacuum presintering at different temperatures followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) with different annealing schemes used after HIP. The optimal presintering conditions were determined, the effect of the sintering additives on the structural and optical properties of the samples was studied. The optical transmission of the samples was investigated, and the average grain size was measured. It was found that the optimal presintering temperature for Yb: YAG samples with the SiO2+B2O3 sintering additives is below 1500 °C, with CaO+MgO – in the range of 1700–1750 °C, and for Yb: LuAG samples with the SiO2+B2O3 sintering additives – in the range of 1500–1600 °C. To achieve the best optical characteristics, samples with SiO2+B2O3 sintering additives must be annealed first in vacuum and then in air after HIP. In the case of composition with CaO+MgO sintering additives, additional annealing after HIP leads to a loss of transparency by the samples.