Том 59, № 1 (2016)

Fundamentals of the method of transverse displacements for calculating the HF radio-wave propagation paths are presented. The method is based on the direct variational principle for the optical path functional, but is not reduced to solving the Euler—Lagrange equations. Instead, the initial guess given by an ordered set of points is transformed successively into a ray path, while its endpoints corresponding to the positions of the transmitter and the receiver are kept fixed throughout the entire iteration process. The results of calculation by the method of transverse displacements are compared with known analytical solutions. The importance of using only transverse displacements of the ray path in the optimization procedure is also demonstrated.

We analyze the dynamics of the plasma-wave channels excited in magnetized plasmas in the whistler frequency range. A linear theory of excitation of a plasma waveguide by an external source is developed using the quasistatic approximation. Self-consistent spatio-temporal distributions of the electric field of quasipotential waves and plasma density, which are solutions of the nonlinear nonstationary problem of the ionizing self-channeling of waves in plasmas are found on the basis of the linear theory.

We study the electrical properties of multilayer radar absorbing materials obtained by adding nonwoven sheets of dielectric fibers with an intermediate layer of electrically conductive carbon fibers. Multilayer materials that absorb electromagnetic radiation in a wide frequency range are obtained by varying the content of the carbon fibers. The carbon-fiber content dependent mechanism of absorption of electromagnetic radiation by sheets and multilayer materials is considered.

We consider a method based on the generalized maximum-likelihood rule for solving the problem of reception of the signals with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing of their harmonic components (OFDM signals) in the time- and frequency-scattering channels. The coherent and incoherent demodulators effectively using the time scattering due to the fast fading of the signal are developed. Using computer simulation, we performed comparative analysis of the proposed algorithms and well-known signal-reception algorithms with equalizers. The proposed symbolby-symbol detector with decision feedback and restriction of the number of searched variants is shown to have the best bit-error-rate performance. It is shown that under conditions of the limited accuracy of estimating the communication-channel parameters, the incoherent OFDMsignal detectors with differential phase-shift keying can ensure a better bit-error-rate performance compared with the coherent OFDM-signal detectors with absolute phase-shift keying.