卷 58, 编号 11 (2016)

We present the results of simulating numerically the operation of a high-power active compressor of microwave radiation pulses in the 3-cm wavelength band with a waveguide switch activated by an electron beam. The influence of the nonlinear character of electron beam interaction with the high-frequency field in the switch on the output parameters of the compressor is discussed, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental data. It is shown that at a high power of the input radiation, the effect of electron expulsion from the region of the inhomogeneous field in the switch can lead to a decrease in the compressor gain and elongation of the leading front of the compressed pulse.

We have chosen a “SeaWinds” scatterometer with an orbital altitude of about 800 km as a prototype of the first Russian orbital scatterometer. An involuntary decrease in the orbit altitude to 650 km made us choose between conservation of the initial swath width 1800 km or the incidence angles with the swath-width decrease to 1500 km. A wider swath width has the advantage of a better coverage of the world-ocean surface. However, it leads to an increase in the local incidence angles and, hence, a decrease in the reflected-signal power. As a result, the signalto-noise ratio decreases and an error in the wind velocity and direction reconstruction because of the equipment noise increases. The error of the wind-velocity vector reconstruction for the same drive and antenna is the choice criterion. During the study, the mathematical model of the scatterometer is developed, the numerical simulation for both swath widths is performed, the data are processed, and the reconstruction accuracies of the wind velocity and direction are compared. It is shown that the reconstruction accuracy can significantly be improved if the measurement for two polarizations is used. The results obtained also show that the wind velocity is sufficiently well reconstructed for both swaths, while the wind-direction reconstruction accuracy in the case of a wider swath is worse than that required by the technical specifications for the scatterometer. Therefore, the swath width of the new scatterometer should be 1500 km.

This paper is devoted to an analytical study of the one-dimensional stationary system of equations for modeling of the electrode effect in the Earth’s atmospheric layer with aerosols. New integrals of the system are derived. Using these integrals, the expressions for solutions of the system and estimates of the electrode layer’s thickness as a function of the aerosol concentration are obtained for numerical parameters close to real.

We study the dynamical regimes in the system of two identical interacting phase oscillators with plastic couplings. The joint evolution of the states of the elements and the interelement couplings is a feature of the system studied. It is shown that the introduction of plastic couplings leads to a multistable behavior of the system and emergence of the asynchronous regimes which are not observed for the considered parameter values in the case of static couplings. The parameter plane is divided into regions with different dynamic regimes of the system. In particular, the regions in which the system demonstrates bistable synchronous behavior and the region in which the coexistence of many various asynchronous regimes is observed are singled out.