卷 58, 编号 9 (2016)

We study experimentally the automated microwave complex for microwave spectroscopy and diagnostics of various media, which was developed at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with GYCOM Ltd. on the basis of a gyrotron with a frequency of 263 GHz and operated at the first gyrofrequency harmonic. In the process of the experiments, a controllable output power of 0.1–1 kW was achieved with an efficiency of up to 17% in the continuous-wave generation regime. The measured radiation spectrum with a relative width of about 10⁻⁶and the frequency values measured at various parameters of the device are presented. The results of measuring the parameters of the wave beam, which was formed by a built-in quasioptical converter, as well as the data obtained by measuring the heat loss in the cavity and the vacuum output window are analyzed.

Large ohmic losses in the cavities of terahertz gyrotrons may lead to the overlapping of the axial mode spectra. In a number of gyrotron experiments, this effect has been used to provide a fairly broadband frequency tuning by changing appropriately the operating magnetic field and/or accelerating voltage of the gyrotron. Similar to the systems with nonfixed axial structure of the RF electromagnetic field and low diffraction quality, which are due to weak reflections of the operating wave from the collector end of the electrodynamic system, this changing leads to a monotonic change in the axial index of the operating wave and transition from the gyrotron regime to the gyro-BWO regime. According to a theoretical comparison of these two methods performed on the basis of generalization of self-consistent gyrotron equations with allowance for variations in the axial electron momenta, low-reflection systems can provide a higher efficiency and monotonicity of the frequency tuning.

Using a nonstationary self-consistent model, we analyze the frequency locking and stabilization regimes arising in gyrotrons with low-Q resonators under the action of an external signal or when reflections from a remote nonresonant load are introduced. In the simulations, we used the parameters of high-power gyrotrons designed for controlled thermonuclear fusion with optimized resonator profile. This approach makes it possible to determine output characteristics of the gyrotrons operated in considered regimes taking into account the effect of the incident wave (external or reflected) on the longitudinal field structure with greater precision compared with the earlier results based on the fixed RF-field structure approximation, while qualitative results of the two approaches coincide. Analysis of the effect of reflections from a remote load has demonstrated a substantial dependence of the efficiency of the gyrotron frequency stabilization on the ratio between the characteristic time scale of the synchronism detuning fluctuations and the signal delay time.

We show the possibility of creating a metal microcrystalline relief (micro- and nanosized) on molybdenum plates in a plasma gas-phase discharge initiated by gyrotron radiation in molybdenum–dielectric powder mixtures.