Vol 120, No 4 (2016)

A simple method for reconstructing the radial distribution of emission of a gas discharge axisymmetric plasma with an annular cross section is proposed for the case in which the transverse projection of radiation is incomplete. Convenient analytic expressions are derived for the basis functions necessary to represent the projection of radiation and its radial distribution in the form of finite series containing a small number of terms.

The influence of the geometry of scattering nanoparticles on the Raman scattering spectra has been considered. It is shown by the numerical simulation method that the size effect in Raman spectra of nanocrystals is accompanied by an inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral line related to the geometric shape. The additional width of the spectral line can be described by the formula ΔΓ = αs/L, where s is the particle roughness parameter that we introduced, L is the nanocrystal size, and α is the normalizing factor. This model, applied to a spherical particle, makes it possible to determine the parameter s and compare the obtained results with the experiment data. This comparison shows that the consideration of the inhomogeneous broadening improves significantly the theoretical description of Raman scattering in nanocrystals.

The surface plasmon resonance effects in porous gold (por-Au) films—nanocomposite porous films containing an ensemble of disordered gold nanoparticles—have been investigated by modulation-polarization spectroscopy. Por-Au films have been obtained by pulsed laser deposition (using a direct particle flow from an erosion torch formed by a YAG:Nd³⁺ laser in argon). The spectral and angular dependences of the polarization difference ρ(λ, θ) of internal-reflection coefficients of s- and p-polarized radiation in the Kretschmann geometry and the spectral dependences of isotropic reflection angles at ρ(θ) = 0 are measured. Two types of surface plasmon resonance are found: one occurs on isolated nanoparticles (dipole and multipole modes), and the other is due to the dipole–dipole interaction of neighboring nanoparticles. The frequency of electron plasma oscillations for the nanoparticle ensemble and the frequencies and decay parameters of resonances are determined. Dispersion relations for the radiative and nonradiative modes are presented. The negative sign of the dispersion branch of nonradiative modes of dipole–dipole interaction is explained by the spatial dispersion of permittivity. The relationships between the formation conditions of the films, their structure, and established resonance parameters (determining the resonant-optical properties of films) are discussed.

Eu³⁺-doped ZrO₂ phosphors with different charge compensators (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) were prepared by the sol-gel method. The properties of the as-obtained samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, photoluminescence spectra, and decay curve. The results show that ZrO₂:Eu³⁺ phosphors with different charge compensation are mixed phase of tetragonal and monoclinic phase, and the volume fraction of tetragonal phase of ZrO₂:Eu³⁺/Na⁺ phosphor is bigger than the other phosphors. The phosphors can emit strong red light at 606~616 nm (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂) excited by ultraviolet light (395 nm). Compared with two charge compensation patterns in the ZrO₂:Eu³⁺, it has been found that ZrO₂:Eu³⁺ phosphors used Na⁺ as charge compensator show greatly enhanced red emission under 395 nm excitation and longer luminescence lifetime.

The luminescence, absorption, and luminescence excitation spectra of complexes cis-[Ru(bpy)₂(L)(NO₂)]⁺ [bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl, L = pyridine, 4-aminopyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-picoline, isonicotinamide, or 4,4′-bipyridyl] in alcoholic (4 : 1 EtOH–MeOH) solutions are studied at 77 K. A linear correlation is established between the energy of the lowest electronically excited metal-toligand charge transfer state d_π(Ru) → π*(bpy) of the complexes and the pK_a parameter of the free 4-substituted pyridines used as ligands L. The B3LYP/[6-31G(d)+LanL2DZ(Ru)] hybrid density functional method is used to optimize the geometry of complexes and calculate their electronic structure and the charge distribution on the atoms of the nearest environment of ruthenium(II) ions. It is shown that there exists a mutually unambiguous correspondence between the charge on the nitrogen atom of ligands L coordinated in the complex and the pK_a parameter of ligands. The calculated energies of the electronically excited metal-to-ligand charge transfer states of complexes linearly (correlation coefficient 0.99) depend on the charge on the nitrogen atom of ligands L, which completely agrees with the experimental data.

We study the interaction of a multi-photon three-level atom with a single mode field in a cavity, taking explicitly into account the existence of forms of nonlinearities of both the field and the intensitydependent atom-field coupling. The analytical form of the emission spectrum is calculated using the dressed states of the system. The effects of photon multiplicities, mean photon number, detuning, Kerr-like medium, and the intensity-dependent coupling functional on the emission spectrum are analyzed.

Experimental results on the formation of ordered structures on the surface and in the near-surface layer of condensed media under the action of linearly polarized laser radiation pulses are analyzed. The formation of subdiffraction nanostructure gratings with anomalous orientation is discussed in the context of the universal polariton model. A physical model of the formation of anomalous structure gratings with periods much less than the laser radiation wavelength is proposed and experimentally verified. The model is based on excitation and mutual interference of channel (wedge) surface plasmon polaritons.

Granular silver films deposited on a thin insulating film of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) and transparent conducting electrode (polycrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) layer) have been investigated by spectroscopy and microscopy methods. The extinction spectra of silver films on the surface of these materials are found to be significantly different. An annealing of silver films causes a blue shift of the peak of plasmon resonance band in the spectrum of silver nanoparticles: by 16 nm on the a-C:H surface and by 94 nm on the ITO surface. Silver films on the surface of a-C:H films are characterized by a narrower band in the extinction spectrum, which is peaked at 446 nm. The changes observed in the optical density of Ag films are related to the change in size and area of nanoparticles. The results of spectral studies of Ag films are in agreement with the data on the nanostructure obtained by scanning electron microscopy and statistical image processing. The spectra of granular silver films are shown to correlate well with the nanoparticle distribution function over the film area.

Using the electronic spectroscopy method, the laser-conoscopy method, and the Raman light-scattering method, we have studied the structural homogeneity of LiNbO₃ crystals doped with 0.03–4.5 mol % of ZnO. We have found that, as the laser radiation power is increased to 90 mW, the conoscopic patterns of crystals show additional distortions, which are attributed to the manifestation of the photorefractive effect. For the LiNbO₃ crystal doped with 4.5 mol % of ZnO, in which the photorefractive effect is low, we have revealed a considerable shift (compared to the remaining crystals) of the optical absorption edge toward the shortwavelength range, which indicates a high structural homogeneity of this crystal. We have shown that, in the LiNbO₃ crystal doped by 0.05 mol % ZnO, due to the displacement of Nb_Li and Li□ structural defects by Zn²⁺ cations, the crystal structure is ordered and, simultaneously, the number of defects with localized electrons decreases.

Simulating the activity of complex biological systems, in particular, the human brain, is a topical problem the solution of which is necessary both for understanding their functioning and for developing new classes of computational system based on operating principles of the brain. Some features and analogies that can be found in the operation of laser systems and brain and used for developing new generation computational systems are discussed. The appropriateness of such analogies is justified by the fact that both laser systems and the brain are open (interacting with the environment) dissipative spatially distributed nonlinear systems. Therefore, laser optical systems and, in particular, systems with dissipative optical solitons offer an opportunity to experimentally and theoretically model some important cognitive brain functions. One of particularities of the brain operation is the ability to manipulate images. Proceeding from this, in this work, problems related to generation and amplification with laser of spatial structures (images), as well as to amplification of signals coming to it from outside are discussed.

Currently, the transgenic products detection methods are mostly based on visible/near-infrared light spectrum. In addition, it is hard to set up the parameters in the support vector machine (SVM) model and there is a large amount of calculation on spectrum data. To solve these problems, this paper proposed an algorithm based on terahertz (THz) spectrum and SVM using adaptive particle swarm optimize (APSO-SVM) for building up the classifications of transgenic cotton seed. To conduct the transgenic cotton seed classification, within the wavelength region 150 μm—3 mm, the THz spectrums are first sampled from 165 samples of three newest transgenic cotton seeds. Then, the 165 transgenic cotton seeds are recognized based on the APSO-SVM. Experiment results indicate that the total recognition rate is up to 97.3%, which prove that the THz spectrum combined with APSO-SVM can provide a reliable, rapid, simple and nondestructive detection method for transgenic cotton seed.