Carbonization of Carbohydrates in an Atmosphere of Argon and under the Action of Calcium and Iron Chlorides
- Authors: Lopanov A.N.1, Fanina E.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Belgorod State Technological University
- Issue: No 1 (2023)
- Pages: 58-65
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0023-1177/article/view/140047
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S002311772301005X
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IOYLPX
- ID: 140047
Cite item
Abstract
The carbonization of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, and starch) in an inert gas atmosphere of argon and under the action of calcium chloride and iron(III) chloride additives was studied. It was established that the addition of calcium and iron(III) chlorides exerted a peculiar catalytic effect on the carbonization process. Carbon production can be carried out at lower temperatures to 200°С. In traditional methods of synthesis, carbonization upon the decomposition of carbohydrates occurs at temperatures of 300–800°C. It was found that the process of carbon production was accompanied by the release of heat, which was confirmed by thermodynamic calculations of the chemical reaction of carbon production and experimental studies of the carbonization of carbohydrates by differential scanning calorimetry. A regular decrease in the yield of carbon, as compared to a maximum theoretically possible one, was observed in the order glucose > sucrose > starch. It was established that the heat of combustion of carbon obtained upon the carbonization of carbohydrates under the action calcium and iron chlorides reached 34 MJ/kg or more due to the presence of structural fragments that do not occupy energetically favorable positions compared to the graphite structure. The presence of the structural fragments of carbon was established by X-ray phase analysis of powder diffraction patterns.
About the authors
A. N. Lopanov
Belgorod State Technological University
Email: alopanov@yandex.ru
308012, Belgorod, Russia
E. A. Fanina
Belgorod State Technological University
Author for correspondence.
Email: evgenia-@mail.ru
308012, Belgorod, Russia
References
- Кухаренко Т.А. Химия и генезис ископаемых углей. М.: Госгортехиздат, 1960. 328 с.
- Кусов Б.Р. Генезис некоторых углеродсодержащих полезных ископаемых (От метанадо алмаза): Монография. Издание второе, дополненное. Владикавказ: ИПО СОИГСИ, 2011. 195 с.
- Charon O., Kang S.G., Sarofm A.F., Beer J.M. Variation in coal composition. Текст: электронный. Сайт: “InternetArchive”. URL: http://www.anl.gov/PCS/acsfuel/preprintarchive/Files/Volumes/Vol. 34-2.pdf. (дата обращения: 9.02.2022).
- Titirici M.M., Antonietti M. // Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010. V. 39. № 1. P. 103.
- Chen J., Lang Z., Xu Q., Hu B., Fu J., Chen Z., Zhang J. // ACS Sustainable Chem. Engng. 2013. V. 1. № 8. P. 1063.
- Rui L., Abolghasem S.A. // Trends in Renewable Energy. 2015. V. 1. № 1. P. 43.
- Sevilla M., Fuertes A.B. // Chemistry-A European J. 2009. V. 15. № 16. P. 4195.
- Funke A., Ziegler F. // Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. 2010. V. 4. № 2. P. 160.
- Baccile N., Laurent G., Babonneau F., Fayon F., Titirici M., Antonietti M. // J. Physical. 2009. V. 113. № 22. P. 9644.
- Aydıncak K., Yumak T., Sınag A., Esen B. // Industri. Engng Chem. Res. 2012. V. 51. № 26. P. 9145.
- Wang Q., Li H., Chen L., Huang X. // Carbon. 2001. V. 39. № 14. P. 2211.
- Чесноков Н.В., Микова Н.М., Иванов И.П., Кузнецов Б.Н. // Журн. Сиб. фед. ун-та. 2014. Т. 7. № 1. С. 42.
- Zhu Y., Murali S., Stoller M., Stoller K., Ganesh J., Weiwei C., Ferreira P., Pirkle A., Wallace R., Cychosz K., Thommes M., Su D., Stach E., Ruoff R. // Science. 2011. V. 332. № 6037. P. 1537.
- Xia K., Gao Q., Jiang J., Jhu J. // Carbon. 2008. V. 46. P. 1718.
- Kanungo S.B., Mishra S.K. // J. Thermal Anal. 1996. V. 46. P. 1487.
- Tran A., Williams G., Younus S., Nujhat N., Blair S., Nizkorodov S.A., Al-Abadleh H. // Journal Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. 12 p. Текст: электронный.Сайт: “Сhem.uci.edu”. URL: https: // www.chem.uci.edu/~nizkorod/publications/Irvine/2017_Tran_EST_iron_and_dicarboxylic_acids_SI.pdf (дата обращения: 12.07.2022).
- Puddington I. // Can. J. Res. 1948. V. 26 (4). P. 415.
- Tomasik P., Bączkowicz M., Wiejak S. // Starch-Stärke. 1986. V. 38 (12). P. 410.
- Easton M.W., Nash J.J., Kenttämaa H.I. // J. Phys. Chem. A. 2018. V. 122 (41). P. 8071.
- Гальнерн В.В., Обуховский Я.М. // ХТТ. 1973. № 2. С. 121.
- Химические и физические свойства углерода / Под ред. Ф. Уокера. М.: “Мир”, 1969. 366 с.