Creation of new source material for potato breeding in the conditions of the Omsk region

The purpose of this study is to search for sources of the main economically valuable traits and the creation of new hybrid populations based on the study of the source material in the field conditions of the forest–steppe zone of Western Siberia. The article presents the results of using the most promising potato varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in hybridization, which stood out during the study of the collection nursery. The research was carried out in 2022-2024 at the experimental site of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center, located in the southern forest-steppe zone. The varieties of domestic, foreign and selected «Omsk ANTS» were used as the material for the study. The area of the experimental plots was 10 m2of each variety. The repetition of the experience is one-time. The soil is medium loamy chernozem. The technology of growing potato varieties in the parent nursery included autumn winter plowing to a depth of 27-30 cm, spring milling to 20 cm. The planting was carried out in the first decade of May to a depth of 8-10 cm. The number of N:P:K was 200:120:150 based on soil fertility. The humus content in the 0-20 cm layer was 7%, nitrate nitrogen – 12-15 mg /kg, mobile phosphorus – 150-170 mg / kg, potassium - 300-330 mg/kg according to Chirikov, pH – 7. Drip irrigation was used at the site. Crosses were carried out as the buds of the varieties of the parent forms opened in the months of June and July. When selecting parent varieties for crossing, their economic value and plasticity were taken into account. Special attention was paid to resistance to stress factors and the quality of tubers. Among the main maternal forms, the varieties Antonina, Irbitsky, Roko, Sokur, Luck were used, as pollinators – Irbitsky, Gala, Alyona, Lyubava, Luck. The most valuable for breeding are hybrid combinations of Colombo = Irbitskiy, Gala = Irbitskiy, Irbitskiy = Gala, Roko × Gala, Sokur × Gala, Antonina × Gala and Alyona × Irbitskiy. In all three years of research, the best parent form is the Irbitskiy variety. Hybrid 27-22 (Irbit × Gala) is included in the 2024 competitive trial.

картофель, сорт, селекция, гибридизация, комбинации