Effect of thermal radiation on heat transfer in an unsteady copper–water nanofluid flow over an exponentially shrinking porous sheet

Abstract

The effect of thermal radiation on an unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a copper–water nanofluid over an exponentially shrinking porous sheet is investigated. With the use of suitable transformations, the governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. Dual non-similarity solutions are obtained for certain values of some parameters. Owing to the presence of thermal radiation, the heat transfer rate is greatly enhanced, and the thermal boundary layer thickness decreases.