卷 103, 编号 10 (2016)

The decays τ → (η, η')K–ν_τ are described in the framework of the extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. Both full and differential widths of these decays are calculated. The vector and scalar channels are considered. In the vector channel, the subprocesses with the intermediate K*(892) and K*(1410) mesons play the main role. In the scalar channel, the subprocesses with the intermediate and K₀^*(800) and K₀^*(1430) mesons are taken into account. The scalar channel gives an insignificant contribution to the full width of the decay τ → ηK–ν_τ. The obtained results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The prediction for the width of the process τ → η′K–ν_τ is made.

We point out that the observed time delay between the detection of the signal at the Hanford and Livingston LIGO sites from the gravitational wave event GW150914 places an upper bound on the speed of propagation of gravitational waves, c_gw ≲ 1.7 in the units of speed of light. Combined with the lower bound from the absence of gravitational Cherenkov losses by cosmic rays that rules out most of subluminal velocities, this gives a model-independent double-sided constraint 1 ≲ c_gw ≲ 1.7. We compare this result to model-specific constraints from pulsar timing and cosmology.

We have investigated the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Na and Mn codoped CaZn₂As₂ using density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA)+U schemes. We have shown that the ground state magnetic structure of Mn-doped CaZn₂As₂ is antiferromagnetic while holemediated Zener’s p–d exchange is responsible for the origin of ferromagnetism of Na and Mn codoped CaZn₂As₂.

We report results of low frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments in the superfluid polar phase of ³He, which is stabilized by a new type of “nematic” aerogel—nafen. We have found that an interaction between transverse and longitudinal NMR modes may essentially influence the spin dynamics. Theoretical formulas for NMR resonant frequencies are derived and applied for interpretation of the experimental results.

Evolution of solitons is addressed in the framework of a third-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), including nonlinear dispersion, third-order dispersion and a pseudo-stimulated-Raman-scattering (pseudo- SRS) term, i.e., a spatial-domain counterpart of the SRS term, which is well known as a part of the temporal-domain NLSE in optics. In this context, it is induced by the underlying interaction of the high-frequency envelope wave with a damped low-frequency wave mode. In addition, spatial inhomogeneity of the second-order dispersion (SOD) is assumed. As a result, it is shown that the wavenumber downshift of solitons, caused by the pseudo-SRS, can be compensated with the upshift provided by decreasing SOD coefficients. Analytical results and numerical results are in a good agreement.

An ab initio study of electronic and spin configurations of the iron ion in the active center of the human hemoglobin molecule is presented. With a combination of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method and the Dynamical Mean Field Theory (DMFT) approach, the spin state transition description in the iron ion during the oxidation process is significantly improved in comparison with previous attempts. It was found that the origin of the iron ion local moment behavior both for the high-spin and for the low-spin states in the hemoglobin molecule is caused by the presence of a mixture of several atomic states with comparable statistical probability.