Bose–Einstein condensation in mesoscopic systems: The self-similar structure of the critical region and the nonequivalence of the canonical and grand canonical ensembles

Abstract

The analytical theory of Bose–Einstein condensation of an ideal gas in mesoscopic systems has been briefly reviewed in application to traps with arbitrary shapes and dimension. This theory describes the phases of the classical gas and the formed Bose–Einstein condensate, as well as the entire vicinity of the phase transition point. The statistics and thermodynamics of Bose–Einstein condensation have been studied in detail, including their self-similar structure in the critical region, transition to the thermodynamic limit, effect of boundary conditions on the properties of a system, and nonequivalence of the description of Bose–Einstein condensation in different statistical ensembles. The complete classification of universality classes of Bose–Einstein condensation has been given.