Arc tectonic elements and the upper mantle structure of the Central and Southeastern Asia: seismic tomography and seismicity data

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Аннотация

Analysis of the upper mantle plumes spatial distribution in the inner part of the Sunda arc shows a number of plume bodies interrupting the stagnating slab framed from the south by the sinking slab of the Sunda Arc. Possible mechanisms providing this structure of the mantle are (i) sublatitudinal toroidal mantle flow through a gap in a flat slab and (ii) roll-back capable of forming a gap in a flat slab and launching upper mantle plumes in it without deep (>1000 km) roots. The space above the slab top surface consists of local hot mantle bodies, which are secondary plumes and often form local rift segments. The three-dimensional mapping of δVp in the Tibet and Central Asia region contains structural styles similar to the Sunda Arc region. There is a region of subhorizontal fragments of slabs and a gap in which plume anomalies of deep and secondary origin are established. The vectors of the movements of rock masses along the shape of the Sunda Arc detachment planes, detected from seismic events, are directed outward from the center of the curvature of the arc in which secondary upper mantle plumes are concentrated. This indicates the presence of thrust processes at the arc front that are not associated with the subducting plate. Thrusting at the arc is accompanied by less number of events along antithetical thrusts. The fan-shaped orientation of azimuth movements along the Himalayas is directed to Hindustan. This shows that the main indicator of tectonic activity — seismic events — has a direction of rock mass displacement to the south from the back-arc stretching region within Tibet with the formation of thrust deformations during movements along the detachment planes. In the Himalayan arc, as well as the Sunda Arc, two directions of seismic movements are distinguished. The first direction corresponds to the model of the Indian Plate subduction. The second direction combines the displacement of the thrusts on the Indian Plate.

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Авторлар туралы

S. Sokolov

Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: sysokolov@yandex.ru
Ресей, bld.7, Pyzhevsky per., 119017 Moscow

V. Trifonov

Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sysokolov@yandex.ru
Ресей, bld.7, Pyzhevsky per., 119017 Moscow

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1. JATS XML
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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the horizontal movement of lithospheric plates and blocks in Southeast Asia, mainland China, India and Indonesia according to data from [18, 33, 34, 38, 39]. Motion vectors (stntm arrows) have a conventional scale without precise amplitude calibration.

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3. Fig. 2. Directions of displacements along the rupture planes of strong earthquakes according to the SMT catalog data (according to [24, 39]).

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4. Fig. 3. Tectonic map of the main structures of the Himalayan-Tibetan region and Southeast Asia (according to data from [3, 4, 13, 14, 15]).

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5. Fig. 4. Volumetric distribution of velocity variations Vp in Southeast Asia according to the UU-P07 model [17, 26, 36].

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6. Fig. 5. Seismic tomographic section along the sublatitudinal profile according to the UU-P07 model data (according to [17, 26, 36]).

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7. Fig. 6. Seismic tomographic section along the submeridional profile according to the UU-P07 model data (according to [17, 26, 36]).

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8. Fig. 7. Volumetric distribution of velocity variations Vp in Central Asia according to the UU-P07 model (based on [17, 26, 36]).

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9. Fig. 8. Seismic tomographic section along the submeridional profile according to the UU-P07 model data (according to [17, 26, 36]).

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10. Fig. 9. Scheme of the horizontal movement of lithospheric plates and blocks in the collision zone of Hindustan and Tibet, constructed according to GPS data (according to [22, 27, 39]).

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11. Fig. 10. Directions of displacements along the rupture planes of strong earthquakes according to the SMT catalog data ([24, 39].

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