Flare Energy Release and Electron Acceleration to Relativistic Energies by Quasi-Stationary Electric Fields in the Lower Atmosphere of the Sun


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Abstract

The characteristics of electron acceleration to relativistic energies by sub-Dreicer quasi-stationary electric fields under the conditions of the lower atmosphere of the Sun are considered. The proposed model makes it possible to explain the spatial location of hard X-ray, optical, and gyrosynchrotron sources in the chromosphere/photosphere observed during limb solar flares. Possible mechanisms of electric field generation in the lower atmosphere are discussed.

About the authors

Yu. T. Tsap

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences; Central (Pulkovo) Astronomical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: yur_crao@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Nauchnyi, 298409; St. Petersburg, 196140

A. V. Stepanov

Central (Pulkovo) Astronomical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences; Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: stepanov@gao.spb.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 196140; St. Petersburg, 194021

Yu. G. Kopylova

Central (Pulkovo) Astronomical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: yul@gao.spb.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 196140

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