Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality in a Weathered Rock Aquifer in Northern Karnataka, India1

Abstract

Monitoring of groundwater quality is essential in rural regions of developing nations, as most of the population depends on groundwater for various purposes. This study was carried out with the objective of assessing the groundwater quality to evaluate the suitability of water for drinking and irrigational purposes in northern Karnataka, India. Groundwater samples were collected from 68 wells once in three months from September 2013 to March 2014 and analysed for electrical conductivity, pH and major ions. Mixed Ca–Mg–Cl and Ca–HCO₃ type of groundwater is dominant. The geochemical characteristics of the groundwater are believed to be the weird geologic and hydrogeologic condition that prevails in this region. The changes in geochemistry are due to the degree of weathering, rock-water interaction and evaporation processes. Groundwater is suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes except in Hattigudur and Doranhalli villages. This study is useful for assessing the environmental impact on groundwater due to industries and mining activities in future.