Hydrodynamics of contact of a falling drop with a liquid free surface

Abstract

A fine structure of the flows developing during primary contact of freely falling drops with a deep quiescent fluid is studied using the macrophotography and high-speed video filming methods. Water drops falling in water, alcohol, and oil, as well as drops of oil, petroleum, and aqueous solutions of salt or alcohol falling in water are investigated. The work is focused on the visualization of the finespray scattering from the primary contact area. The collisions of small droplets with the surface of the submerging drop are first recorded. The direction of the spray and streamer scattering is determined by the surface tension coefficients of the coalescing liquids. The conditions under which the spray droplets collide with the drop surface are determined.