Возможные физиологические механизмы фотоповреждения листьев растений в условиях круглосуточного освещения
- Авторы: Шибаева Т.Г.1, Мамаев А.В.1, Титов А.Ф.1
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Учреждения:
- Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологии Карельского научного центра Российской академии наук, Федеральный исследовательский центр “Карельский научный центр РАН”
- Выпуск: Том 70, № 2 (2023)
- Страницы: 148-159
- Раздел: ОБЗОРЫ
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0015-3303/article/view/130195
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0015330322600541
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GKXQOW
- ID: 130195
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Аннотация
В противоположность естественному фотопериоду, включающему чередование дня и ночи в суточном цикле, круглосуточное освещение обеспечивает непрерывное поступление световой энергии, необходимой для фотосинтеза, вызывает постоянное фотоокислительное воздействие, сигнальное воздействие на фоторецепторы и приводит к рассогласованию внутренних (циркадных) биоритмов с внешним циклом свет/темнота (циркадная асинхрония). У многих видов растений в условиях круглосуточного освещения развивается характерный и потенциально летальный межжилковый хлороз и некроз. Данный феномен (фотоповреждение листьев растений в условиях длинных фотопериодов, включая круглосуточное освещение) был описан более 90 лет назад, однако причины этого до сих пор не вполне ясны. Хотя понимание его биологической природы важно не только в теоретическом плане, но и с практической точки зрения, поскольку выращивание растений в условиях круглосуточного освещения при относительно невысокой плотности потока фотонов считается потенциально одним из наиболее эффективных способов экономии ресурсов и повышения продуктивности растений в теплицах и на фабриках растений с искусственным освещением. В обзоре обобщены и проанализированы имеющиеся на сегодняшний день литературные и собственные данные в поддержку или опровержение гипотезы о накоплении углеводов и, в частности, гипераккумуляции крахмала, в листьях как основной причине появления фотоповреждений у растений, находящихся в условиях круглосуточного освещения или длинных фотопериодов. Проведенный анализ большого числа работ свидетельствует о том, что накопление углеводов не является главной и тем более единственной причиной повреждения листьев растений при круглосуточном освещении, хотя и исключить роль этого фактора в развитии фотоповреждений тоже нельзя. По мнению авторов, в процессе появления и развития фотоповреждений, вызванных круглосуточным освещением, участвует не один, а несколько факторов одновременно (фотоокисление, стресс-индуцированное старение, циркадная асинхрония и др.). При этом удельный вклад каждого из них может существенно варьировать в зависимости от биологических особенностей объекта (видовая и сортовая принадлежность, возраст и фаза развития) и условий внешней среды.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
Т. Г. Шибаева
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологии Карельского научного центра Российской академии наук, Федеральный исследовательский центр “Карельский научный центр РАН”
Email: shibaeva@krc.karelia.ru
Россия, Петрозаводск
А. В. Мамаев
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологии Карельского научного центра Российской академии наук, Федеральный исследовательский центр “Карельский научный центр РАН”
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: shibaeva@krc.karelia.ru
Россия, Петрозаводск
А. Ф. Титов
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологии Карельского научного центра Российской академии наук, Федеральный исследовательский центр “Карельский научный центр РАН”
Email: shibaeva@krc.karelia.ru
Россия, Петрозаводск
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