The Structure and Evolution of the Apical Sensory Zone Structures in the Maxillary and Labial Palps of Caddisflies (Trichoptera)

Abstract

A comparative morphological study of the apical regions of palps in Trichoptera from different evolutionary lines of the order was carried out, and a comparison was made with representatives of Lepidoptera and Mecoptera. Light and scanning electron microscopy methods were used to study the structure of palpal apices in 81 species of the order Trichoptera, 6 of Lepidoptera, and 2 species of Mecoptera. As a result, 11 types of sensilla were identified on the terminal palpal segments, and highly differentiated apical sensory zones with thick short basiconic sensilla were found on the maxillary and labial palps. The presence of an apical sensory zone in caddisflies and related orders is recognized as a plesiomorphic character.