Physiology and Pharmacology of Positive Reinforcement
- 作者: Sudakov S.1
-
隶属关系:
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology
- 期: 卷 166, 编号 6 (2019)
- 页面: 709-713
- 栏目: Physiology
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0007-4888/article/view/241303
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-019-04423-1
- ID: 241303
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详细
An original concept of a two-stage mechanism of positive reinforcement is proposed. The first stage, “virtual” reinforcement, is formed in parallel with the action result acceptor when the result is still not achieved. At this stage, the importance of the planned result and the probability of its achievement are assessed. The greater are these indices, the stronger is “virtual” reinforcement. Hypothetically, the “virtual” reinforcement is mediated by dopamine release from nerve terminals in the mesencephalon. The “real” reinforcement (the second stage) occurs after achievement of the result. Probably, an important role in the mechanisms of the “real” reinforcement is given to endogenous opioids, cannabinoids, and GABA. Based on the advanced hypothesis on interaction between the central and peripheral subdivisions of the corresponding neurochemical systems, the review focuses on possibility of pharmacological intervention into the mechanisms of positive reinforcement by modifying activity of the peripheral opioid and dopamine receptors with the ligands that cannot cross blood—brain barrier.
作者简介
S. Sudakov
P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: s-sudakov@nphys.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow