Estimation of Expression of Oral Fluid Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Pretumor Diseases of Oral Mucosa

Abstract

Complex clinical, dental, and morphological investigation, and ELISA of levels of MMP-2, 8, 9, and TIMP-1 and 2 in the saliva was performed during primary examination of patients with premalignant lesions of maxillofacial area and practically healthy volunteers. Levels of all study MMP in the saliva significantly differed (p≤0.05) in patients with premalignant lesions and the control. These patients were also characterized by a significant (0.1≤p≤0.05) changes in TIMP concentrations (toward pathological pattern) comparing to the control. Pattern of correlations between parameters of MMP-2 expression might be a marker for early diagnostics of a premalignant lesion independently on the dental health. Observed features of biomarker expression in patients with premalignant lesions might reflect the appearance of a cascade of biochemical reactions followed by the activation of production of proteinases and their inhibitors as a response to the exposure to etiological factors. Clinical and morphological diagnosis of a premalignant lesion in the maxillofacial area was confirmed by the immunological analysis of biomarker expression in the saliva, which can be used for monitoring and screening of population.