Том 53, № 4 (2019)

A device − Biokin − for the rehabilitation of patients with neurological motor impairments was developed, with the capacity to provide mechanotherapy in combination with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and biological feedback. The Biokin device includes a mechanical unit for moving the patient’s lower limbs, a Biostim-5 five-channel stimulator for transcutaneous spinal electrical stimulation, a biological feedback unit, and a control and switching unit; the system is controlled by computer. The device can be used in therapeutic, therapeutic-prophylactic, and scientific research facilities or at home.

The processes of mass transfer between the intra- and extracorporeal circuits of a biotechnical system for low- flux intracorporeal detoxification of the body based on permanent extracorporeal regeneration of the peritoneal dialysis fluid were analyzed. A mathematical description of these processes was suggested.

A protein dispersion of carbon nanotubes and the nanocomposite structures obtained by laser irradiation of this dispersion were shown to be biocompatible and long-lived. The dispersion and the nanocomposite structures were implanted in laboratory birds, and the histologic pattern at the site of implantation was studied. It was shown that in 35 days after implantation a connective tissue capsule was formed, and tissue strands grew into the liquid and solid implanted materials. In 90 days after implantation, continuation of this process led to bioresorption of the materials, mainly as a solid structure. A normal local inflammatory response was observed. It manifested itself as an accumulation of white blood cells, mainly of the lymphoid series, and in the formation of muscle fibers at the implantation site. Gradual resorption of the nanomaterials was observed against the background of a chronic inflammation, in the absence of changes in the health status of the laboratory birds.

This report presents approaches to the development of methods for experiments creating artificial ischemia in experimental animals and specific methods for detecting, recording and storing electrocardiosignals (ECS) obtained by ultra-high-resolution electrocardiography (UHR ECG). Examples of ECG data recorded in experiments using experimental rats are also presented.

We report here studies confirming confirming the potential and relevance of the use of an interferometric device with a temporal coherence-limited radiation source for measurements in therapeutic dentistry. In vivo experimental studies of early subgingival caries in the maxillary and mandibular arches in the left- and right-sided canines were carried out. The distribution of the coefficient of reflection R over the depth of the gingiva with and without early caries was investigated. Experimental results were obtained on the detection of caries in the initial stages with an error of 2.1 μm. A scheme for the interferometric device is presented and the technical characteristics are given: measurement error, 2.1 μm; range of measurement of analysis depth, 0-4 mm; measurement frequency, 46 Hz; mean distance from the microlens to the object, 120 mm.

We propose the use of a proton beam from any type of accelerator and a complex system for transporting the beam into three procedure rooms not containing gantries with the aim of decreasing the cost and dimensions of large-scale radiotherapy centers and improving their quality. Each procedure room has facilities to select the direction of irradiation over a quite wide range, with active distribution of the dose into the target volume and use of a mobile tomograph at the site of irradiation.

Questions of the occurrence of transprosthesis regurgitation after transcathether prosthetization of the aortic valve are discussed. We present results from hydrodynamic tests of prototype transcatheter aortic valve prostheses with different methods of attachment of the valve leaflets in conditions of deformation of the fibrous ring. Prototype prostheses with attachment of the leaflets of the valve apparatus above the seating zone of the frame of the prosthesis demonstrated optimal hydrodynamic characteristics.

The article considers changes in the basic hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing active kinesiotherapy using the ExoLiteMS robotic rehabilitation system. Standard clinical methods of functional evaluation were used to assess the changes in the hemodynamics in patients at rest and under physical load.

We report here an analysis of programmable device solutions for the design of signal formers for transcutaneous electrical stimulation to generate signals of optimum shape, approaching the shape of action potentials in the node of Ranvier, and means of increasing the efficacy of their actions by biosynchronization with the patient’s cardiac rhythm.