Theta Oscillations and Comparator Function of the Hippocampus
- Authors: Kitchigina V.F1
-
Affiliations:
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 69, No 4 (2024)
- Pages: 821-835
- Section: Complex systems biophysics
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0006-3029/article/view/264947
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0006302924040149
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NGEUXB
- ID: 264947
Cite item
Abstract
Responses triggered by change/novelty of the stimuli are fundamental to adaptive behavior. By comparing the current observation with the previous one, living organisms can make predictions and change their actions. Brain mechanisms and its structures involved in the comparator function have not yet been fully elucidated. The evidence accumulated emphasizes the particular importance of the hippocampus in the comparator system; it is shown that novelty detection is carried out by hippocampal neurons through the implementation of the match-mismatch mechanism or divergence. This paper includes information on existing hypotheses that propose how these mechanisms are implemented, what other brain structures are involved in mismatch detection, how they are connected to the hippocampus, and what processes contribute to this function. It is assumed, in particular, that it is not novelty per se, but rather that one that contrasts with previously acquired experience and initiates the process of divergence. The arguments are analyzed that the theta rhythm plays a key role in the functioning of the hippocampus as a comparator. Theta oscillations caused by the appearance of a new signal/change in the environment, mediate, in particular, the mechanism of temporal coordination of structures involved in the comparator function. In the comparator system, the theta rhythm acts as a filter: it participates in the selection and transmission of a new signal to registration of information in the hippocampus. Increases in theta oscillations and their coherence in brain structures that process new information serve as a signal of mismatch, facilitating a change in behavioral strategy. Gamma-oscillations, like the theta rhythm, also play a significant role in the comparator system: during generation of the theta rhythm in the prefrontal cortex, temporal coincidence of gamma-oscillations in other brain regions with certain phase of the thetha cycle may serve as the comparator function in the process of memorization. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the comparator function or mechanisms of its damage will give us a better idea about the treatment of disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, temporal lobe epilepsy and many others.
Keywords
About the authors
V. F Kitchigina
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: vkitchigina@gmail.com
Pushchino, Russia
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