The Regulatory Role of NAD in Human and Animal Cells
- Authors: Kulikova V.A.1,2, Gromyko D.V.1, Nikiforov A.A.1,2
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Affiliations:
- Institute of Cytology
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
- Issue: Vol 83, No 7 (2018)
- Pages: 800-812
- Section: Review
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0006-2979/article/view/151685
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297918070040
- ID: 151685
Cite item
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphorylated form NADP are the major coenzymes in the redox reactions of various essential metabolic pathways. NAD+ also serves as a substrate for several families of regulatory proteins, such as protein deacetylases (sirtuins), ADP-ribosyltransferases, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, that control vital cell processes including gene expression, DNA repair, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, unfolded protein response, and many others. NAD+ is also a precursor for calcium-mobilizing secondary messengers. Proper regulation of these NAD-dependent metabolic and signaling pathways depends on how efficiently cells can maintain their NAD levels. Generally, mammalian cells regulate their NAD supply through biosynthesis from the precursors delivered with the diet: nicotinamide and nicotinic acid (vitamin B3), as well as nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid riboside. Administration of NAD precursors has been demonstrated to restore NAD levels in tissues (i.e., to produce beneficial therapeutic effects) in preclinical models of various diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
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About the authors
V. A. Kulikova
Institute of Cytology; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Email: andrey.nikiforov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 194064; St. Petersburg, 195251
D. V. Gromyko
Institute of Cytology
Email: andrey.nikiforov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 194064
A. A. Nikiforov
Institute of Cytology; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Author for correspondence.
Email: andrey.nikiforov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 194064; St. Petersburg, 195251