Alternative enzymes as a special strategy for the adaptation of procaryotic organisms (Review)

Abstract

The literature data on prokaryotic adaptation to changes in environmental conditions that lead to a change in the metabolism and, at the same time, are also exhibited in the preservation of many biochemical reactions of the central metabolism due to the functioning of alternative enzymes are summarized. Unlike isozymes, the alternative enzymes have different active sites and are encoded by different genes but catalyze the same key biochemical reaction of the central metabolism. Biochemical inconstancy and the immutability of a biochemical reaction in prokaryotes should be taken into account in metabolic engineering aimed at optimization of gene expression.