Penicillium verrucosum as promising candidate for bioremediation of environment contaminated with synthetic detergent at high concentration

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of synthetic detergent Merix (Henkel, Kruševac, Serbia), and its particular components—ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol and sodium tripolyphosphate on the growth and metabolic activity of Penicillium verrucosum. During 19 days of fungal cultivation in Czapek-Dox liquid medium supplemented with or without 0.5% pollutants, the following parameters were observed: pH, the total biomass dry weight, the quantity of free and total organic acids and proteolytic activity. The detergent caused a slight stimulatory (2.41%) effect whereas sodium tripolyphosphate and ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol provided a slight inhibitory action (0.59 and 2.75%, respectively) on the fungal biomass. The pollutants decreased pH values of the media and the quantity of free organic acids. In contrast, they enhanced the quantity of total organic acids. Proteolytic activity remained nearly unchanged (95.8%) in the presence of detergent and reduced to 80.1% in sodium tripolyphosphate-supplemented medium. In contrast, the enzyme activity sharply increased (260.8%) with ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol. The obtained results indicate the potential of P. verrucosum in bioremediation of environment contaminated with synthetic detergent taken in high concentration.