Ионно-плазменное модифицирование углеродных наноматериалов для электрохимических приложений

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Abstract

Для массового практического внедрения 0D-, 1D- и 2D-углеродных наноматериалов, таких как фуллерены, углеродные нанотрубки и нановолокна, а также графен, требуется разработка методик направленного модифицирования поверхности для придания углеродным наноматериалам особых свойств, что является ключевой научной и технологической задачей. В настоящем обзоре обобщены различные подходы к получению углеродных наноматериалов, ковалентно модифицированных анионными группами с использованием ионно-плазменных технологий, а также рассмотрены области применения таких материалов в электрокатализе и химических источниках тока.

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П. М. Корусенко

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Омский государственный технический университет

Author for correspondence.
Email: korusenko_petr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9; 644050 Омск, пр. Мира, 11

Е. В. Белецкий

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

Email: korusenko_petr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

О. В. Левин

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

Email: korusenko_petr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

К. А. Харисова

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

Email: korusenko_petr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

Д. А. Лукьянов

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

Email: korusenko_petr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

А. А. Верещагин

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

Email: korusenko_petr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

Е. В. Алексеева

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

Email: korusenko_petr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

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Supplementary files

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2. 1. Carbon nanomaterials according to their dimensions. 0D-UNM – fullerenes, 1D-UNM– OUNT (I) and MNT (II), 2D-UNM – single-layer graphene sheets (III) and structures of several layers of graphene (IV).

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3. 2. Diagram of the chemical synthesis of graphene from graphite: graphite (I) in the process of oxidation (1) becomes graphene (II) oxide, which in the process of reduction (2) turns into reduced graphene (III) oxide.

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4. Fig. 3. Varieties of OUNT depending on the chirality vector: armchair-shaped (I), zigzag-shaped (II) and chiral (III).

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5. 4. General diagram of the ion source with potential supply to the sample: 1 – magnets, 2 – cathode, 3 – anode, 4 – gas inlet, 5 – sample table, 6 – sample.

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6. Fig. 5. Illustration of some effects during MNT irradiation with ion beams: a – TEM images of MNT before and after irradiation with Ar+ ions (E = 5 keV, F = 5x1016 ion/cm2) and a schematic representation of the amorphization region in the MNT structure; b - welding of two nanotubes; c – CNT fragment after ion exposure to radiation and subsequent contact with the environment, leading to the addition of oxygen–containing groups (black balls - carbon, red – oxygen).

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7. Fig. 6. Change in the relative area of the components of the C1s photoelectron spectrum of vertically oriented MTPs associated with oxygen (C-O–C), (C=O) and (–COOH), depending on the treatment time at ion energy of 1 keV (a) and the kinetic energy of ions at a treatment time of 5 min. (b) [104].

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8. 7. Gaseous plasma discharge: DBR (A), plasma flare (B); plasma/liquid interface: atmospheric microplasma discharge under water (C), plasma discharge in water (D).

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9. 8. Scheme of modification of carbon materials using plasma treatment: graphite (I) is oxidized (1) to graphene oxide (II) with various CFGs, then the sulfonation process (2) leads to the formation of sulfogroups on the surface of CNM (III).

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