Features of the histological structure of trophoblast and chorionic villi with recurrent pregnancy loss in women with thrombophilias

The frequency of recurrent pregnancy loss does not tend to decrease. This pathology continues to be one of the important problems of modern medicine. It is known that thrombophilia can play a significant role in the etiology of spontaneous reproductive losses. However, the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous loss of pregnancy in the presence of maternal thrombophilia is not fully understood.

Aim. To identify the features of the histological structure of trophoblasts and chorionic villi in the first trimester of pregnancy in women with thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss, with careful exclusion of other possible causes of fetal loss syndrome.

Material and Methods. Histological examination of 49 chorion tissue samples from 24 patients with thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss in the first trimester (study group) was performed. The controls were samples of chorion tissue taken during artificial abortion in 33 healthy women who had a history of 2 or more spontaneous labor without significant complications. Thrombophilia diagnosis and hemostasis system state evaluation was performed for all patients on the basis of analysis of 30 parameters according to standard methods. All studies were conducted at the Regional clinical hospital № 8 in Ryazan as well as the scientific and clinical center of hematology, oncology and immunology of the Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov of Health Ministry of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out with the help of computer program package Statistica (version 10).

Results. Significant differences in the histological structure of trophoblast and chorionic villi in the studied women were revealed, in comparison with those in the control group. It is proved that the presence of thrombophilia negatively affects the process of embryogenesis and contributes to a significant reduction in the area of the chorionic villus vessels in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusion. It is proved that the presence of thrombophilia has a negative effect on the process of embryogenesis and significantly reduces the vascular area of chorionic villi that can probably play a significant role in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss.