Modeling long-term consequences of poisonings caused by exposure to neurotoxicants: a review

The issue of long-term consequences of acute poisonings caused by neurotoxicants is of relevance in industrial hygiene and toxicology, as it involves not only medical and biological aspects but also social and legal considerations. This problem has received significant attention in Russia and internationally. Most studies focus primarily on the acute phase of intoxication. However, in recent years, scientific research has increasingly examined neurotoxic effects in the long-term period following exposure, as well as approaches to managing the resulting health disorders. It can be assumed that the long-term consequences of acute poisonings with neurotoxic substances are associated with the disruption of adaptive mechanisms and the initiation of a cascade of pathological reactions. These processes commonly lead to the development of psychoasthenic and psychoorganic syndromes in individuals who have experienced acute poisonings, and there is also a risk of toxic polyneuropathies. Existing studies on the mechanisms underlying the development of long-term consequences of poisonings with neurotoxic agents do not provide a definitive explanation of the pathogenesis of these disorders. Experimental modeling is one of the key methods used to study pathogenesis. The advancement of practical medicine is not possible without it. This review examines the experience in modeling the long-term consequences of intoxication caused by neurotoxicants.