Attenuation markers of cold-adapted SARS-CoV-2 variants
- Authors: Gracheva A.V.1, Korchevaya E.R.1, Samoilikov R.V.1, Smirnova D.I.1, Leneva I.А.1, Poromov A.A.1, Pankratov A.А.2, Trunova G.V.2, Khokhlova V.А.2, Nagieva F.G.1, Svitich O.А.1, Zverev V.V.1, Faizuloev E.В.1,3
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Affiliations:
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
- National Medical Research Radiological Center
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
- Issue: Vol 22, No 2 (2022)
- Pages: 79-88
- Section: Original research
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/MAJ/article/view/108725
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/MAJ108725
- ID: 108725
Cite item
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Unprecedented anti-epidemic measures and the widespread use of vaccines against COVID-19 have reduced the rate of hospitalization and mortality from the disease, but have not stopped the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic spread. The development of live vaccines against COVID-19, capable of providing the formation of a long-term humoral and cellular immune response and cross-protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, is relevant. Previously at the I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera SARS-CoV-2 cold-adapted (ca, cold-adapted) variants were obtained. This work is aimed to search for methodological approaches that allow in vitro screening studies to assess the attenuation (att) phenotype of ca SARS-CoV-2 variants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SARS-CoV-2 laboratory strain Dubrovka and its variants were cultured in Vero and Calu-3 cells. Quantitation of the virus was carried out by titration in Vero cells and by real-time RT-PCR. The attenuation (att) phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 variants was determined on an animal model of COVID-19 on Syrian hamsters.
RESULTS: In experiments on Syrian hamsters, the presence of the att phenotype in the ca variants of the virus was established. Animals infected with virus ca variants had significantly less weight lost, had less viral load in the lungs and brain and less pronounced pathological changes in the lungs compared to infection with the virulent strain. In vitro experiments on Vero and Calu-3 cells revealed probable attenuation markers of the virus ca variants for syrian hamsters: (1) ability to reproduce at low temperature (ca phenotype); (2) inability to reproduce at 39 °C (ts phenotype); (3) changes in the species and tissue specificity of the virus.
CONCLUSIONS: The developed methodological approaches to the identification of SARS-CoV-2 attenuation markers are a valuable tool for monitoring the stability of the phenotype of candidate vaccine strains.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Anastasiia V. Gracheva
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Author for correspondence.
Email: anastasiia.gracheva.95@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8428-4482
Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Virology
Russian Federation, MoscowEkaterina R. Korchevaya
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Email: c.korchevaya@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6417-3301
Scopus Author ID: 57225930677
Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Virology
Russian Federation, MoscowRoman V. Samoilikov
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Email: roma_sam78@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6405-1390
Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Virology
Russian Federation, MoscowDaria I. Smirnova
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Email: daria.sm.1995@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7325-0834
Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Virology
Russian Federation, MoscowIrina А. Leneva
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Email: wnyfd385@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7755-2714
Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of Experimental Virology Laboratory, Department of Virology
Russian Federation, MoscowArtem A. Poromov
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Email: poromov@instmech.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2004-3935
Scopus Author ID: 56636881200
Senior Research Associate of Experimental Virology Laboratory, Department of Virology
Russian Federation, MoscowAndrey А. Pankratov
National Medical Research Radiological Center
Email: andreimnioi@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7291-9743
Scopus Author ID: 7006145091
Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of Microsurgical Department, Hertzen Moscow Oncological Institute
Russian Federation, MoscowGalina V. Trunova
National Medical Research Radiological Center
Email: gtrunovamnioi@mail.ru
Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Research Associate, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hertzen Moscow Oncological Institute
Russian Federation, MoscowVarvara А. Khokhlova
National Medical Research Radiological Center
Email: nostocus@yandex.ru
Junior Research Associate, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hertzen Moscow Oncological Institute
Russian Federation, MoscowFiraya G. Nagieva
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Email: fgn42@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8204-4899
Scopus Author ID: 6701793390
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Hybrid Cell Cultures, Department of Virology
Russian Federation, MoscowOksana А. Svitich
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Email: svitichoa@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1757-8389
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Director
Russian Federation, MoscowVitaly V. Zverev
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Email: vitalyzverev@outlook.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5808-2246
Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Academician of the RAS, Scientific Director
Russian Federation, MoscowEvgeny В. Faizuloev
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Email: faizuloev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7385-5083
Scopus Author ID: 23472535800
Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Virology
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowReferences
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